Question 1

Cuvier, an anatomist and paleontologist, proposed that

Accepted Answer

A)  all present-day organisms have descended, with adaptations, from one--or possibly a few--original organisms. 
B)  the earth's history has been marked by several periods when destruction of populations was widespread and that, after each such period, the earth was repopulated. 
C)  evolutionary changes in organisms are caused by use and disuse. 
D)  although evolution is responsible for all the changes that happen to species, one center of creation resulted in the original members of each species. 
E)  none of these are true. 
A)  all present-day organisms have descended, with adaptations, from one--or possibly a few--original organisms. 
B)  the earth's history has been marked by several periods when destruction of populations was widespread and that, after each such period, the earth was repopulated. 
C)  evolutionary changes in organisms are caused by use and disuse. 
D)  although evolution is responsible for all the changes that happen to species, one center of creation resulted in the original members of each species. 
E)  none of these are true. B

Question 2

MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a.wrote Principles of Geology
b.developed the theory of catastrophism
c.believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d.was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e.wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f.natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
-Based on what we know today, what is the best explanation for why the emu, ostrich, and rhea are so similar despite being geographically separated?

Accepted Answer

The emu of Australia, the ostrich of Africa and the rhea of South America were at one time all on the same land mass, and thus had a common ancestor.It was continental drift that was responsible for separating them.

Question 3

Plate tectonic theory is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  a thermal convection model in which cool material in the earth's mantle rises and spreads laterally beneath the crustal plates. 
B)  the idea that the earth's crust is fragmented into rigid crusts that are sinking slowly beneath crustal plates. 
C)  the idea that coacervate formation causes continents to drift apart slowly on their crustal plates. 
D)  observations that the sea floor is slowly spreading away from oceanic ridges due to thermal convection in the mantle. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  a thermal convection model in which cool material in the earth's mantle rises and spreads laterally beneath the crustal plates. 
B)  the idea that the earth's crust is fragmented into rigid crusts that are sinking slowly beneath crustal plates. 
C)  the idea that coacervate formation causes continents to drift apart slowly on their crustal plates. 
D)  observations that the sea floor is slowly spreading away from oceanic ridges due to thermal convection in the mantle. 
E)  all of these. D

Question 4

MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a.wrote Principles of Geology
b.developed the theory of catastrophism
c.believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d.was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e.wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f.natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
-Lamarck

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each...

Question 5

The tailbone of humans is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a developing feature. 
B)  an accidental feature. 
C)  a vestigial feature. 
D)  an example of the great chain of being. 
E)  none of these. 
A)  a developing feature. 
B)  an accidental feature. 
C)  a vestigial feature. 
D)  an example of the great chain of being. 
E)  none of these.

Question 6

MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a.wrote Principles of Geology
b.developed the theory of catastrophism
c.believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d.was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e.wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f.natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
-Cuvier

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each...

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major intervals in the geologic time scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesozoic 
B)  Proterozoic 
C)  Carboniferozoic 
D)  Cenozoic 
E)  Paleozoic 
A)  Mesozoic 
B)  Proterozoic 
C)  Carboniferozoic 
D)  Cenozoic 
E)  Paleozoic

Question 8

Barringer Crater in Arizona was formed when a 300,000-ton asteroid slammed into Earth 50,000 years ago.Which of the following is true about this event?

Accepted Answer

A)  It hit so early that it had little influence on the history of life. 
B)  This one produced about 150 times the energy of the bomb that hit Hiroshima. 
C)  Its impact produced a minor crater. 
D)  Scientists recently disproved that an asteroid impacted our planet just prior to the mass extinctions at the K-T boundary. 
E)  An asteroid impact releases only minor amounts of energy. 
A)  It hit so early that it had little influence on the history of life. 
B)  This one produced about 150 times the energy of the bomb that hit Hiroshima. 
C)  Its impact produced a minor crater. 
D)  Scientists recently disproved that an asteroid impacted our planet just prior to the mass extinctions at the K-T boundary. 
E)  An asteroid impact releases only minor amounts of energy.

Question 9

The distribution of living organisms would be increased by

Accepted Answer

A)  continental drift. 
B)  the formation of Pangea. 
C)  the sea-floor spreading. 
D)  the movement of Gondwana. 
E)  all but "the formation of Pangea." 
A)  continental drift. 
B)  the formation of Pangea. 
C)  the sea-floor spreading. 
D)  the movement of Gondwana. 
E)  all but "the formation of Pangea."

Question 10

The feature of Darwin's finches that shows variation is

Accepted Answer

A)  feet. 
B)  beaks. 
C)  feathers. 
D)  structure of eggs. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  feet. 
B)  beaks. 
C)  feathers. 
D)  structure of eggs. 
E)  all of these.

Question 11

The time it takes for half of a radioisotope's atoms to decay

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be calculated. 
B)  is used to construct the geologic time scale. 
C)  is its half-life. 
D)  is the same for uranium 238 and carbon 14. 
E)  is all of these. 
A)  cannot be calculated. 
B)  is used to construct the geologic time scale. 
C)  is its half-life. 
D)  is the same for uranium 238 and carbon 14. 
E)  is all of these.

Question 12

The operation of natural selection depends upon the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  the strong always survive, whereas the weak always die. 
B)  some individuals have a better chance to produce more offspring. 
C)  mutations are always harmful. 
D)  acquired characteristics are inherited. 
E)  reproduction of all members of a species is virtually the same. 
A)  the strong always survive, whereas the weak always die. 
B)  some individuals have a better chance to produce more offspring. 
C)  mutations are always harmful. 
D)  acquired characteristics are inherited. 
E)  reproduction of all members of a species is virtually the same.

Question 13

MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a.wrote Principles of Geology
b.developed the theory of catastrophism
c.believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d.was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e.wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f.natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
-__________ are evidence of life in the distant past.

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each...

Question 14

Lamarck believed

Accepted Answer

A)  that a substance called fluida moved through the nerves to areas of the body in need of change. 
B)  in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
C)  that giraffes' necks elongated in response to stretching. 
D)  that environmental pressures bring about changes in organisms. 
E)  all of these were true. 
A)  that a substance called fluida moved through the nerves to areas of the body in need of change. 
B)  in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
C)  that giraffes' necks elongated in response to stretching. 
D)  that environmental pressures bring about changes in organisms. 
E)  all of these were true.

Question 15

MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a.wrote Principles of Geology
b.developed the theory of catastrophism
c.believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d.was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e.wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f.natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
-Differential survival and reproduction of individuals of a population that vary in the details of shared traits is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Matching.Select the most appropriate choice for each...

Question 16

Glyptodonts are fossil forms that resemble

Accepted Answer

A)  ostriches. 
B)  armadillos. 
C)  kangaroos. 
D)  turtles. 
E)  sloths. 
A)  ostriches. 
B)  armadillos. 
C)  kangaroos. 
D)  turtles. 
E)  sloths.

Question 17

The most important evidence that Darwin used to develop his theory of natural selection came from

Accepted Answer

A)  the Argentine pampas. 
B)  his boyhood neighborhood in England. 
C)  the Galápagos Islands. 
D)  Australia and New Zealand. 
E)  South America. 
A)  the Argentine pampas. 
B)  his boyhood neighborhood in England. 
C)  the Galápagos Islands. 
D)  Australia and New Zealand. 
E)  South America.

Question 18

Fossils include

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletons. 
B)  shells. 
C)  seeds. 
D)  tracks. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  skeletons. 
B)  shells. 
C)  seeds. 
D)  tracks. 
E)  all of these.

Question 19

The large, ancient land mass that contained all the continents is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Laurasia. 
B)  Pangea. 
C)  Gondwana. 
D)  Atlantis. 
E)  Europa. 
A)  Laurasia. 
B)  Pangea. 
C)  Gondwana. 
D)  Atlantis. 
E)  Europa.

Question 20

-This illustration shows that after two half-lives, ____ percent of the parent radioisotope has decayed.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  75 
C)  50 
D)  25 
E)  0 
A)  100 
B)  75 
C)  50 
D)  25 
E)  0

Exam 16: Evidence of Evolution

Cuvier, an anatomist and paleontologist, proposed that

Plate tectonic theory is based on

The tailbone of humans is an example of:

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major intervals in the geologic time scale?

Barringer Crater in Arizona was formed when a 300,000-ton asteroid slammed into Earth 50,000 years ago.Which of the following is true about this event?

The distribution of living organisms would be increased by

The feature of Darwin's finches that shows variation is

The time it takes for half of a radioisotope's atoms to decay

The operation of natural selection depends upon the fact that

Lamarck believed

Glyptodonts are fossil forms that resemble

The most important evidence that Darwin used to develop his theory of natural selection came from

Fossils include

The large, ancient land mass that contained all the continents is called

-This illustration shows that after two half-lives, ____ percent of the parent radioisotope has decayed.

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Gene Control

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information About Species

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protiststhe Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolutionthe Invertebrates

Animal Evolutionthe Chordates

Animal Evolutionhuman Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters