Question 1

According to the text, which of the following is among the weaknesses of detecting fraud in research through peer review and replication

Accepted Answer

A) The large number of articles submitted requires using reviewers of research studies who may not be familiar with the professional field. 
B) Peer reviewers cannot detect plausible, internally consistent fabrications. 
C) Because research money is scarce, funders opt to support new research rather than replications. 
D) All of the answers represent such weaknesses. 
A) The large number of articles submitted requires using reviewers of research studies who may not be familiar with the professional field. 
B) Peer reviewers cannot detect plausible, internally consistent fabrications. 
C) Because research money is scarce, funders opt to support new research rather than replications. 
D) All of the answers represent such weaknesses. D

Question 2

Which of the following might threaten the confidentiality of participants in a research project

Accepted Answer

A) withholding treatment from those in the control group 
B) a court request to see all of the data that a researcher has collected 
C) an effort by a sponsor of research to identify research participants 
D) a court request to see all of the data that a researcher has collected, and an effort by a sponsor of research to identify research participants 
A) withholding treatment from those in the control group 
B) a court request to see all of the data that a researcher has collected 
C) an effort by a sponsor of research to identify research participants 
D) a court request to see all of the data that a researcher has collected, and an effort by a sponsor of research to identify research participants D

Question 3

The text presents two significant historical events that served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for research. Identify these two events and indicate the impact on research ethics that each produced.

Accepted Answer

The two significant historical events that served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for research are the Nuremberg Trials and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.

The Nuremberg Trials, which took place after World War II, highlighted the unethical and inhumane experiments conducted by Nazi doctors on prisoners in concentration camps. This led to the development of the Nuremberg Code, which established principles for ethical research involving human subjects, such as informed consent and the need for voluntary participation.

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service from 1932 to 1972, involved withholding treatment from African American men with syphilis in order to study the natural progression of the disease. This study led to the development of the Belmont Report, which outlined ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

Both of these events had a significant impact on research ethics, as they brought attention to the need for ethical guidelines and regulations to protect the rights and well-being of research participants. These events also led to the establishment of institutional review boards (IRBs) and other oversight mechanisms to ensure that research involving human subjects adheres to ethical standards. Overall, the Nuremberg Trials and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study played a crucial role in shaping the development of research ethics and the protection of human subjects in research.

Question 4

"Ethical absolutists" would call for the elimination of which of the following

Accepted Answer

A) survey research 
B) single subject designs 
C) laboratory experiments 
D) deception in research 
A) survey research 
B) single subject designs 
C) laboratory experiments 
D) deception in research

Question 5

The opportunity for the researcher to alleviate the impact of any distress research participants might experience occurs during:

Accepted Answer

A) the pretest. 
B) the posttest. 
C) the debriefing. 
D) the single system phase of the research. 
A) the pretest. 
B) the posttest. 
C) the debriefing. 
D) the single system phase of the research.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding deception in social science research today

Accepted Answer

A) Its use is limited to laboratory research. 
B) It is rarely used today. 
C) Its use is limited to field research. 
D) It is used in both experimental and field research. 
A) Its use is limited to laboratory research. 
B) It is rarely used today. 
C) Its use is limited to field research. 
D) It is used in both experimental and field research.

Question 7

Which events in this century served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for scientific research

Accepted Answer

A) the Nazi experiments on people in concentration camps 
B) the U.S.Public Health Service study of syphilis 
C) the Watergate break in and cover-up 
D) the Nazi experiments on people in concentration camps and the U.S.Public Health Service study of syphilis 
A) the Nazi experiments on people in concentration camps 
B) the U.S.Public Health Service study of syphilis 
C) the Watergate break in and cover-up 
D) the Nazi experiments on people in concentration camps and the U.S.Public Health Service study of syphilis

Question 8

"The ability to control when and under what conditions others will have access to your beliefs, values, or behavior" is the ethical issue of:

Accepted Answer

A) privacy. 
B) confidentiality. 
C) informed consent. 
D) anonymity. 
A) privacy. 
B) confidentiality. 
C) informed consent. 
D) anonymity.

Question 9

Identify the mechanisms in the scientific community for identifying scientific misconduct or fraud and discuss their shortcomings.

Accepted Answer

The scientific community has several mec

Question 10

The group from which some treatment is withheld is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a treatment group. 
B) a debriefing group. 
C) a pretest group. 
D) a control group. 
A) a treatment group. 
B) a debriefing group. 
C) a pretest group. 
D) a control group.

Question 11

One of the more ethically controversial studies ever conducted was that on sexual behavior by Laud Humphreys (discussed in the text). Make the argument for both sides of this issue: that this study was ethically acceptable and that it was not ethical.

Accepted Answer

The argument for the study being ethical

Question 12

In the study of sex offenders described in the Research in Practice 3.1, the researchers were directed to have unlisted personal telephone numbers and to never reveal their home address to the research subjects. These precautions were focused on the ethical issue of:

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent. 
B) scientific misconduct and fraud. 
C) protecting the safety of the research staff. 
D) withholding treatment for research purposes. 
A) informed consent. 
B) scientific misconduct and fraud. 
C) protecting the safety of the research staff. 
D) withholding treatment for research purposes.

Question 13

According to the text, most communication between a client and which of the following professionals is NOT protected from judicial subpoena

Accepted Answer

A) physicians 
B) lawyers 
C) social science researchers 
D) all of the answers represent professionals who have protected communication 
A) physicians 
B) lawyers 
C) social science researchers 
D) all of the answers represent professionals who have protected communication

Question 14

Discuss the ethical absolutists' stance on informed consent in research.Why do some researchers object to a rigid application of informed consent for all research

Accepted Answer

Ethical absolutists believe in the princ

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the major criteria applied to decide whether deception is acceptable in a research project

Accepted Answer

A) The research is important. 
B) No other way to conduct the research is available. 
C) No harm will come to those being studied. 
D) The deception will reduce the economic costs of the research. 
A) The research is important. 
B) No other way to conduct the research is available. 
C) No harm will come to those being studied. 
D) The deception will reduce the economic costs of the research.

Question 16

In research that involves deception, the purpose of the debriefing is:

Accepted Answer

A) to inform research participants of any deceptions that were utilized in the research. 
B) to ensure that the research participants do not detect the true purpose of the research. 
C) to make sure that the deception continues. 
D) to ensure that the anonymity or confidentiality of the research participants is maintained. 
A) to inform research participants of any deceptions that were utilized in the research. 
B) to ensure that the research participants do not detect the true purpose of the research. 
C) to make sure that the deception continues. 
D) to ensure that the anonymity or confidentiality of the research participants is maintained.

Question 17

Max Weber's "value free" approach to science posits that:

Accepted Answer

A) social scientists should strive to apply the knowledge they produce. 
B) social scientists should create knowledge, not apply it. 
C) social scientists should work only under the guidance of sponsors. 
D) social scientists should advocate certain value positions as the starting point of their research. 
A) social scientists should strive to apply the knowledge they produce. 
B) social scientists should create knowledge, not apply it. 
C) social scientists should work only under the guidance of sponsors. 
D) social scientists should advocate certain value positions as the starting point of their research.

Question 18

If the potential for harm or distress exists in a research investigation, then the researcher should do the following:

Accepted Answer

A) provide neither anonymity nor confidentiality. 
B) fully inform the participants. 
C) avoid a debriefing. 
D) provide certificates of confidentiality. 
A) provide neither anonymity nor confidentiality. 
B) fully inform the participants. 
C) avoid a debriefing. 
D) provide certificates of confidentiality.

Question 19

The preeminent ethical obligation of researchers in terms of disclosing research results is to:

Accepted Answer

A) make sure they have wide dissemination. 
B) not publish inaccurate, deceptive, or fraudulent research results. 
C) disclose only what a sponsor wants disclosed. 
D) publish the results only in professional journals. 
A) make sure they have wide dissemination. 
B) not publish inaccurate, deceptive, or fraudulent research results. 
C) disclose only what a sponsor wants disclosed. 
D) publish the results only in professional journals.

Question 20

In the study of sex offenders described in the Research in Practice 3.1, confidentiality and privacy were addressed by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) using certificates of confidentiality. 
B) using a debriefing. 
C) providing a client advocate. 
D) using special ID numbers on documents. 
A) using certificates of confidentiality. 
B) using a debriefing. 
C) providing a client advocate. 
D) using special ID numbers on documents.

According to the text, which of the following is among the weaknesses of detecting fraud in research through peer review and replication

Which of the following might threaten the confidentiality of participants in a research project

The text presents two significant historical events that served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for research. Identify these two events and indicate the impact on research ethics that each produced.

"Ethical absolutists" would call for the elimination of which of the following

The opportunity for the researcher to alleviate the impact of any distress research participants might experience occurs during:

Which of the following statements is true regarding deception in social science research today

Which events in this century served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for scientific research

"The ability to control when and under what conditions others will have access to your beliefs, values, or behavior" is the ethical issue of:

Identify the mechanisms in the scientific community for identifying scientific misconduct or fraud and discuss their shortcomings.

The group from which some treatment is withheld is called:

One of the more ethically controversial studies ever conducted was that on sexual behavior by Laud Humphreys (discussed in the text). Make the argument for both sides of this issue: that this study was ethically acceptable and that it was not ethical.

In the study of sex offenders described in the Research in Practice 3.1, the researchers were directed to have unlisted personal telephone numbers and to never reveal their home address to the research subjects. These precautions were focused on the ethical issue of:

According to the text, most communication between a client and which of the following professionals is NOT protected from judicial subpoena

Discuss the ethical absolutists' stance on informed consent in research.Why do some researchers object to a rigid application of informed consent for all research

Which of the following is NOT one of the major criteria applied to decide whether deception is acceptable in a research project

In research that involves deception, the purpose of the debriefing is:

Max Weber's "value free" approach to science posits that:

If the potential for harm or distress exists in a research investigation, then the researcher should do the following:

The preeminent ethical obligation of researchers in terms of disclosing research results is to:

In the study of sex offenders described in the Research in Practice 3.1, confidentiality and privacy were addressed by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

Exam 3: Ethical Issues in Social Research

According to the text, which of the following is among the weaknesses of detecting fraud in research through peer review and replication

Which of the following might threaten the confidentiality of participants in a research project

The text presents two significant historical events that served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for research. Identify these two events and indicate the impact on research ethics that each produced.

"Ethical absolutists" would call for the elimination of which of the following

The opportunity for the researcher to alleviate the impact of any distress research participants might experience occurs during:

Which of the following statements is true regarding deception in social science research today

Which events in this century served as major catalysts for efforts to codify a set of ethical standards for scientific research

"The ability to control when and under what conditions others will have access to your beliefs, values, or behavior" is the ethical issue of:

Identify the mechanisms in the scientific community for identifying scientific misconduct or fraud and discuss their shortcomings.

The group from which some treatment is withheld is called:

One of the more ethically controversial studies ever conducted was that on sexual behavior by Laud Humphreys (discussed in the text). Make the argument for both sides of this issue: that this study was ethically acceptable and that it was not ethical.

In the study of sex offenders described in the Research in Practice 3.1, the researchers were directed to have unlisted personal telephone numbers and to never reveal their home address to the research subjects. These precautions were focused on the ethical issue of:

According to the text, most communication between a client and which of the following professionals is NOT protected from judicial subpoena

Discuss the ethical absolutists' stance on informed consent in research.Why do some researchers object to a rigid application of informed consent for all research

Which of the following is NOT one of the major criteria applied to decide whether deception is acceptable in a research project

In research that involves deception, the purpose of the debriefing is:

Max Weber's "value free" approach to science posits that:

If the potential for harm or distress exists in a research investigation, then the researcher should do the following:

The preeminent ethical obligation of researchers in terms of disclosing research results is to:

In the study of sex offenders described in the Research in Practice 3.1, confidentiality and privacy were addressed by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters