Question 1

When conducting field observations, personal impressions and feelings are included in field notes in order to:

Accepted Answer

A) assess the possibility that bias is coloring one's observations. 
B) reduce the likelihood of going native. 
C) encourage informants to share their feelings openly with the researcher. 
D) make it possible to do quantitative data analysis. 
A) assess the possibility that bias is coloring one's observations. 
B) reduce the likelihood of going native. 
C) encourage informants to share their feelings openly with the researcher. 
D) make it possible to do quantitative data analysis. A

Question 2

In participant observation, rapport between researcher and informants is likely to be improved by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the informants view the researcher as a nice person who will do them no harm. 
B) the investigator shows through behavior that he or she sympathizes with the perspective of the people being studied. 
C) the informants agree with the research goals of the investigation. 
D) both the researcher and the group members have something that the other needs and wants. 
A) the informants view the researcher as a nice person who will do them no harm. 
B) the investigator shows through behavior that he or she sympathizes with the perspective of the people being studied. 
C) the informants agree with the research goals of the investigation. 
D) both the researcher and the group members have something that the other needs and wants. C

Question 3

Qualitative researchers would be more likely than quantitative researchers to use in recording observations.

Accepted Answer

A) coding sheets 
B) numbers and counts 
C) field notes 
D) physical traces 
A) coding sheets 
B) numbers and counts 
C) field notes 
D) physical traces C

Question 4

The "big man bias" in field research most accurately refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the tendency of ethnographers to ignore females and attend to males. 
B) the tendency for ethnographers to be males rather than females. 
C) the tendency for more powerful or assertive individuals to come to the attention of ethnographers. 
D) the tendency for reactivity to occur with male ethnographers but not female ethnographers. 
A) the tendency of ethnographers to ignore females and attend to males. 
B) the tendency for ethnographers to be males rather than females. 
C) the tendency for more powerful or assertive individuals to come to the attention of ethnographers. 
D) the tendency for reactivity to occur with male ethnographers but not female ethnographers.

Question 5

The problem of "reactivity" in observational research refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) observers reacting to the behavior they observe and introducing bias into the data. 
B) people behaving differently because they are being observed. 
C) statistical artifacts that commonly arise in analyzing observational data. 
D) people refusing to let observers make audio tapes or videotapes of their behavior. 
A) observers reacting to the behavior they observe and introducing bias into the data. 
B) people behaving differently because they are being observed. 
C) statistical artifacts that commonly arise in analyzing observational data. 
D) people refusing to let observers make audio tapes or videotapes of their behavior.

Question 6

The text characterizes the description that is achieved in case studies and life histories as:

Accepted Answer

A) medium descriptions. 
B) thick descriptions. 
C) thin descriptions. 
D) objective descriptions. 
A) medium descriptions. 
B) thick descriptions. 
C) thin descriptions. 
D) objective descriptions.

Question 7

Describe each of the qualitative research methods discussed in the text other than field research.

Accepted Answer

Sure, here are the qualitative research

Question 8

Coding categories should:

Accepted Answer

A) have very general coding categories. 
B) have coding categories that involve no subjective interpretation. 
C) be highly specific and behavioral. 
D) be different for each coder. 
A) have very general coding categories. 
B) have coding categories that involve no subjective interpretation. 
C) be highly specific and behavioral. 
D) be different for each coder.

Question 9

Which of the following would be the preferred way of gaining entry into a group for purposes of conducting participant observation research

Accepted Answer

A) Gain the cooperation of those with less status and power in the group first. 
B) Describe the abstract scientific goals of the research to the members of the group. 
C) Tell the group members that one of the research goals is to evaluate them and their performance. 
D) Gain the cooperation of those with more status and power in the group first. 
A) Gain the cooperation of those with less status and power in the group first. 
B) Describe the abstract scientific goals of the research to the members of the group. 
C) Tell the group members that one of the research goals is to evaluate them and their performance. 
D) Gain the cooperation of those with more status and power in the group first.

Question 10

In observational research, the recording of field notes is most problematic for:

Accepted Answer

A) those in the participant-as-observer role. 
B) observers whose status as observer is disguised. 
C) those using unobtrusive measures. 
D) research that is based on time sampling. 
A) those in the participant-as-observer role. 
B) observers whose status as observer is disguised. 
C) those using unobtrusive measures. 
D) research that is based on time sampling.

Question 11

The verstehen approach in the study of human behavior emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

A) the study of German culture. 
B) the importance of the subjective experiences of people in understanding human behavior. 
C) that only those aspects of behavior that can be observed and recorded objectively should be studied. 
D) that empathy with research participants can lead to bias in research results. 
A) the study of German culture. 
B) the importance of the subjective experiences of people in understanding human behavior. 
C) that only those aspects of behavior that can be observed and recorded objectively should be studied. 
D) that empathy with research participants can lead to bias in research results.

Question 12

In field research, becoming "invisible" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) taking on the complete observer role. 
B) conducting hidden observations. 
C) reducing reactivity to a minimum. 
D) coming to be seen as a natural part of the setting being observed. 
A) taking on the complete observer role. 
B) conducting hidden observations. 
C) reducing reactivity to a minimum. 
D) coming to be seen as a natural part of the setting being observed.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method as discussed in the text

Accepted Answer

A) available data 
B) in-depth interviewing 
C) field research 
D) case studies 
A) available data 
B) in-depth interviewing 
C) field research 
D) case studies

Question 14

The text states that the research technique called "participant observation" involves gaining knowledge from two distinct sources:

Accepted Answer

A) participation and objectivity. 
B) participation and observation. 
C) observation and measurement. 
D) observation and reactivity. 
A) participation and objectivity. 
B) participation and observation. 
C) observation and measurement. 
D) observation and reactivity.

Question 15

A type of sampling that is used in observational research, and that enables us to avoid making continual observations over long periods of time, is:

Accepted Answer

A) time sampling. 
B) simple random sampling. 
C) snowball sampling. 
D) quota sampling. 
A) time sampling. 
B) simple random sampling. 
C) snowball sampling. 
D) quota sampling.

Question 16

Coding sheets are used in field research when:

Accepted Answer

A) it is desirable to collect qualitative data. 
B) there is a danger that the researcher might "go native." 
C) there is a high likelihood of reactivity. 
D) it is desirable to collect quantitative data. 
A) it is desirable to collect qualitative data. 
B) there is a danger that the researcher might "go native." 
C) there is a high likelihood of reactivity. 
D) it is desirable to collect quantitative data.

Question 17

The primary goal of most case studies and life histories is:

Accepted Answer

A) nomothetic explanation. 
B) idiographic explanation 
C) positivist explanation. 
D) deductive hypothesis testing. 
A) nomothetic explanation. 
B) idiographic explanation 
C) positivist explanation. 
D) deductive hypothesis testing.

Question 18

Qualitative research stresses the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A) knowledge emerges from an understanding of the full context in which people behave. 
B) knowledge emerges from the use of objective and value-free research methods. 
C) knowledge can emerge if social scientists isolate variables in the laboratory for close scrutiny. 
D) direct observation of behavior is not necessary to developing an understanding of it. 
A) knowledge emerges from an understanding of the full context in which people behave. 
B) knowledge emerges from the use of objective and value-free research methods. 
C) knowledge can emerge if social scientists isolate variables in the laboratory for close scrutiny. 
D) direct observation of behavior is not necessary to developing an understanding of it.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of observational research

Accepted Answer

A) It is easier to study very large samples than is the case with survey techniques. 
B) It provides deeper and more insightful data than do most other research techniques. 
C) It makes the study of "closed" settings possible. 
D) It is inherently longitudinal. 
A) It is easier to study very large samples than is the case with survey techniques. 
B) It provides deeper and more insightful data than do most other research techniques. 
C) It makes the study of "closed" settings possible. 
D) It is inherently longitudinal.

Question 20

Define and describe participant observation research. In your answer, discuss the various roles that such researchers can take on and the advantages and disadvantages of each role.

Accepted Answer

Participant observation research is a qu

When conducting field observations, personal impressions and feelings are included in field notes in order to:

In participant observation, rapport between researcher and informants is likely to be improved by all of the following EXCEPT:

Qualitative researchers would be more likely than quantitative researchers to use in recording observations.

The "big man bias" in field research most accurately refers to:

The problem of "reactivity" in observational research refers to:

The text characterizes the description that is achieved in case studies and life histories as:

Describe each of the qualitative research methods discussed in the text other than field research.

Coding categories should:

Which of the following would be the preferred way of gaining entry into a group for purposes of conducting participant observation research

In observational research, the recording of field notes is most problematic for:

The verstehen approach in the study of human behavior emphasizes:

In field research, becoming "invisible" refers to:

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method as discussed in the text

The text states that the research technique called "participant observation" involves gaining knowledge from two distinct sources:

A type of sampling that is used in observational research, and that enables us to avoid making continual observations over long periods of time, is:

Coding sheets are used in field research when:

The primary goal of most case studies and life histories is:

Qualitative research stresses the idea that:

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of observational research

Define and describe participant observation research. In your answer, discuss the various roles that such researchers can take on and the advantages and disadvantages of each role.

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

Exam 9: Field Research and Qualitative Methods

When conducting field observations, personal impressions and feelings are included in field notes in order to:

In participant observation, rapport between researcher and informants is likely to be improved by all of the following EXCEPT:

Qualitative researchers would be more likely than quantitative researchers to use in recording observations.

The "big man bias" in field research most accurately refers to:

The problem of "reactivity" in observational research refers to:

The text characterizes the description that is achieved in case studies and life histories as:

Describe each of the qualitative research methods discussed in the text other than field research.

Coding categories should:

Which of the following would be the preferred way of gaining entry into a group for purposes of conducting participant observation research

In observational research, the recording of field notes is most problematic for:

The verstehen approach in the study of human behavior emphasizes:

In field research, becoming "invisible" refers to:

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method as discussed in the text

The text states that the research technique called "participant observation" involves gaining knowledge from two distinct sources:

A type of sampling that is used in observational research, and that enables us to avoid making continual observations over long periods of time, is:

Coding sheets are used in field research when:

The primary goal of most case studies and life histories is:

Qualitative research stresses the idea that:

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of observational research

Define and describe participant observation research. In your answer, discuss the various roles that such researchers can take on and the advantages and disadvantages of each role.

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters