Exam 11: Sentencing

Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance?

Proportionality means that

________ laws require a close correspondence between the sentence imposed by the judge and the time the offender actually serves in prison.

Judges are not permitted to depart from the federal sentencing guidelines.

The day-fine system solves which objection to the use of fines?

________ is a sentencing goal that focuses on preventing the offender from committing crimes by reducing his or her opportunities for crime.

Match each characteristic of a crime with the type of circumstance it represents in court. A)Aggravating circumstance B)Mitigating circumstance -The crime was especially cruel

If a judge requests information on a convicted defendant's background,the probation or parole office will conduct a ________ investigation.

The severity of an inmate's crime is the primary determinate of the actual amount of time served under an indeterminate sentence.

Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing?

The sentencing goal of ________ involves punishment based on the need for revenge.

Explain the role of plea bargaining in the federal judicial system.What conditions did the Sentencing Commission place on plea bargaining under the sentencing guidelines and what impact do these conditions have?

Explain the advantages of fines as a sentencing alternative and the concerns that have been raised regarding the use of this punishment? Discuss which types of crimes you think should be punishable by fines and which should not,and explain your views.Explain the day-fine system and discuss whether you think the day-fine system is a good idea or a form of discrimination based on socioeconomic status.Give support for your views.

Mandatory sentencing laws appear to reduce the use of plea bargaining and increase the number of cases that are brought to trial.

The majority of death-penalty states use which method of execution?

Discuss the concern about sentencing innocent persons to death.What does the research suggest about this issue? Do you think that this concern is sufficient to warrant the abolition of the death penalty? Why or why not? Support your answer with examples and statistics.

________ involves officially suspending criminal proceedings against an alleged offender and referring him or her to a treatment program.

Match the characteristic to the type of justice. A)Retributive justice B)Restorative justice -Offender accountability is defined as taking punishment

Which of the following is a characteristic of restorative justice?

Match the capital punishment argument to its counterclaim. A)The taking of a life demands revenge. B)There are other ways to meet societal goals,such as life imprisonment. C)Capital punishment is a holdover from more primitive times and modern standards of human decency require the use of other alternatives. D)Forgiveness and rehabilitation are higher goals. E)Claims of disproportionality do not consider variations in frequency and seriousness of criminal behavior between and within different groups. F)Justice is beyond price. G)There is no evidence that innocent people have been executed. H)There are multiple safeguards at all levels of processing to protect the innocent and ensure the guilty are put to death. I)Capital punishment is ineffective because it is not imposed with swiftness and certainty. -Infliction on the innocent