Exam 11: Sentencing

Incapacitation corresponds to the just deserts model of sentencing.

The case of Coker v.Georgia approved a bifurcated trial procedure in capital cases.

Match the Supreme Court case on the death penalty to its ruling. A)The execution of mentally retarded individuals is unconstitutional. B)Imposing the death penalty for the rape of a child where the crime did not result in and was not intended to result in the victim's death is unconstitutional. C)Statutes that allowed for an arbitrary and capricious application of the death penalty were invalidated. D)Abolished the imposition of the death penalty on an offender who was under the age of 18 at the time the crime was committed. E)Struck down statutes imposing the death penalty for the rape of an adult woman. F)An IQ score of 70 or greater is not sufficient to bar an inmate from claiming mental disability in the face of execution. G)Upheld a bifurcated trial procedure in capital cases. H)Decisions on facts such as aggravating circumstances that may lead to a death sentence must be made by juries,not judges. I)Statutes requiring a mandatory sentence of death for first degree murder are unconstitutional. -Atkins v.Virginia

The ________ model defines crime as an act against the state and a violation of the law.

Match the sentencing goal to its definition. A)Attempts to prevent potential offenders from becoming involved in crime by making an example of the offender being sentenced. B)Separates offenders from the community to reduce opportunities for future criminality C)A just deserts perspective that emphasizes taking revenge and holds offenders responsible for their crimes D)Attempts to make the victim and community "whole again" by addressing the damage crime causes E)Uses punishment to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality F)Attempts to reform convicted offenders and reduce the likelihood of future criminality -Restoration

Match the capital punishment argument to its counterclaim. A)The taking of a life demands revenge. B)There are other ways to meet societal goals,such as life imprisonment. C)Capital punishment is a holdover from more primitive times and modern standards of human decency require the use of other alternatives. D)Forgiveness and rehabilitation are higher goals. E)Claims of disproportionality do not consider variations in frequency and seriousness of criminal behavior between and within different groups. F)Justice is beyond price. G)There is no evidence that innocent people have been executed. H)There are multiple safeguards at all levels of processing to protect the innocent and ensure the guilty are put to death. I)Capital punishment is ineffective because it is not imposed with swiftness and certainty. -Discrimination

What appears to be the most dramatic result of the recent emphasis on the use of mandatory sentencing and other get-tough policies?

Stigmatic shaming is commonly used in restorative justice programs.

Match each characteristic of a crime with the type of circumstance it represents in court. A)Aggravating circumstance B)Mitigating circumstance -The defendant had a gun

Which one of the following is not a traditional sentencing option?

Presentence investigations are conducted by the court.

Match the capital punishment argument to its focus. A)Retentionist B)Abolitionist -Just deserts

Match the sentencing goal to its definition. A)Attempts to prevent potential offenders from becoming involved in crime by making an example of the offender being sentenced. B)Separates offenders from the community to reduce opportunities for future criminality C)A just deserts perspective that emphasizes taking revenge and holds offenders responsible for their crimes D)Attempts to make the victim and community "whole again" by addressing the damage crime causes E)Uses punishment to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality F)Attempts to reform convicted offenders and reduce the likelihood of future criminality -Specific deterrence

Research into victim-impact statements has found that

Match the characteristic to the type of justice. A)Retributive justice B)Restorative justice -Crime control lies primarily with the community

Match the type of sentencing to its definition. A)Sentencing models that provide greater control over sentencing systems B)A sentencing model that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general and relatively unspecific sentences C)A sentencing model that allows no leeway in the nature of the sentence required for a specific offense D)A sentencing model that includes a range of sentences for each charge and provides a mechanism for review of departure from the guidelines E)A sentencing model in which the offender is given a fixed term of imprisonment that may be reduced by good time or gain time -Presumptive sentencing

Which of the following arguments regarding the death penalty is a retentionist rationale?

Plea bargaining is permitted under the federal sentencing guidelines.

Match each characteristic of a crime with the type of circumstance it represents in court. A)Aggravating circumstance B)Mitigating circumstance -The defendant helped the police apprehend another felon

Justice reinvestment emphasizes the use of alternative sanctions,rather than incarceration,for nonviolent offenders.