Question 1

How is classical conditioning different from operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning associates a response with punishment, while operant conditioning links a response with a reward. 
B)  Classical conditioning associates a voluntary activity with a reward, while operant conditioning links two phenomena that are usually unrelated. 
C)  Classical conditioning associates instinctive behaviours with punishments, while operant conditioning links learned behaviours with rewards. 
D)  Classical conditioning associates two phenomena that are usually unrelated, while operant conditioning links a voluntary activity with a reward. 
A)  Classical conditioning associates a response with punishment, while operant conditioning links a response with a reward. 
B)  Classical conditioning associates a voluntary activity with a reward, while operant conditioning links two phenomena that are usually unrelated. 
C)  Classical conditioning associates instinctive behaviours with punishments, while operant conditioning links learned behaviours with rewards. 
D)  Classical conditioning associates two phenomena that are usually unrelated, while operant conditioning links a voluntary activity with a reward.

Question 2

Which form of communication is likely to be intercepted by an attentive third party?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical 
B)  tactile 
C)  electrical 
D)  nonvisual 
A)  chemical 
B)  tactile 
C)  electrical 
D)  nonvisual

Question 3

Match each term with its definition.
-courtship displays

Accepted Answer

A) site that provides food, shelter, nesting materials, and interacting organisms 
B) unusual pattern of sex determination 
C) resource-rich site defended by its occupants 
D) natural selection for mating success 
E) use of familiar landmarks to guide a journey
F)travel from the birth site to another destination and back
G)grounds where males display for females
H)volatile chemicals that influence the behaviour of members of the same species
I)ordered movement
J)ritualized behaviours engaged in to attract the attention of the opposite sex
K)social systems in which individuals are ranked 
A) site that provides food, shelter, nesting materials, and interacting organisms 
B) unusual pattern of sex determination 
C) resource-rich site defended by its occupants 
D) natural selection for mating success 
E) use of familiar landmarks to guide a journey
F)travel from the birth site to another destination and back
G)grounds where males display for females
H)volatile chemicals that influence the behaviour of members of the same species
I)ordered movement
J)ritualized behaviours engaged in to attract the attention of the opposite sex
K)social systems in which individuals are ranked

Question 4

How is a taxis distinguished from a kinesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A taxis is a group movement, while a kinesis is an individual movement. 
B)  A taxis is slow movement, while a kinesis is fast movement. 
C)  A taxis is an ordered movement, while a kinesis is a change in the rate of movement. 
D)  A taxis is a random movement, while a kinesis is a directional movement. 
A)  A taxis is a group movement, while a kinesis is an individual movement. 
B)  A taxis is slow movement, while a kinesis is fast movement. 
C)  A taxis is an ordered movement, while a kinesis is a change in the rate of movement. 
D)  A taxis is a random movement, while a kinesis is a directional movement.

Question 5

Figure 32-1  
-In Figure 32-1, which graph represents the age span of worker bees primarily occupied by foraging?

Accepted Answer

A)  graph B 
B)  graph C 
C)  graph D 
D)  graph E 
A)  graph B 
B)  graph C 
C)  graph D 
D)  graph E

Question 6

Match each description of a mating system with the most appropriate term.
-Male northern fur seals aggressively guard harems of up to 40 females.

Accepted Answer

A) promiscuity 
B) monogamy 
C) polygyny 
D) polyandry 
A) promiscuity 
B) monogamy 
C) polygyny 
D) polyandry

Question 7

Match each term with its definition.
-learning

Accepted Answer

A) association between two phenomena that are usually unrelated 
B) association between a voluntary activity and a favourable consequence 
C) stereotyped behaviours triggered by a specific cue 
D) behaviour dependent on having a particular kind of experience 
E) process in which experiences change behavioural responses
F)simple cues that trigger specific behaviours
G)genetically programmed response
H)learned loss of responsiveness 
A) association between two phenomena that are usually unrelated 
B) association between a voluntary activity and a favourable consequence 
C) stereotyped behaviours triggered by a specific cue 
D) behaviour dependent on having a particular kind of experience 
E) process in which experiences change behavioural responses
F)simple cues that trigger specific behaviours
G)genetically programmed response
H)learned loss of responsiveness

Question 8

The following passages contain novel information describing real animal and human behaviours. Use the choices to classify the type of learning exemplified by each passage. A learning type may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-A teacher gives candy only to the children in her class who finish the assignment on time. The other children receive no reward. The next day, a larger proportion of children finish the work on time.

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) insight learning 
E) habituation 
A) imprinting 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) insight learning 
E) habituation

Question 9

What do young male white-crowned sparrows match their vocal output to when they first begin to sing?

Accepted Answer

A)  any birdsong they hear during their initial days of singing 
B)  the memory of their species' song heard months earlier 
C)  the memory of whatever song they heard during an early critical period 
D)  an instinctive blueprint of their species' song 
A)  any birdsong they hear during their initial days of singing 
B)  the memory of their species' song heard months earlier 
C)  the memory of whatever song they heard during an early critical period 
D)  an instinctive blueprint of their species' song

Question 10

Categorize the following learning examples as either classical or operant conditioning.
-A man becomes hungry when he hears the beep of the microwave oven.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning

Question 11

Match each term with its definition.
-migration

Accepted Answer

A) site that provides food, shelter, nesting materials, and interacting organisms 
B) unusual pattern of sex determination 
C) resource-rich site defended by its occupants 
D) natural selection for mating success 
E) use of familiar landmarks to guide a journey
F)travel from the birth site to another destination and back
G)grounds where males display for females
H)volatile chemicals that influence the behaviour of members of the same species
I)ordered movement
J)ritualized behaviours engaged in to attract the attention of the opposite sex
K)social systems in which individuals are ranked 
A) site that provides food, shelter, nesting materials, and interacting organisms 
B) unusual pattern of sex determination 
C) resource-rich site defended by its occupants 
D) natural selection for mating success 
E) use of familiar landmarks to guide a journey
F)travel from the birth site to another destination and back
G)grounds where males display for females
H)volatile chemicals that influence the behaviour of members of the same species
I)ordered movement
J)ritualized behaviours engaged in to attract the attention of the opposite sex
K)social systems in which individuals are ranked

Question 12

Laying eggs in another bird's nest is a learned behaviour in honeyguides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Classify each example as one of the three behaviours. The behaviours may be used more than once.
-A man stops his car on a deserted road to aid a stranded motorist he does not know.

Accepted Answer

A) kin selection 
B) reciprocal altruism 
C) altruism 
A) kin selection 
B) reciprocal altruism 
C) altruism

Question 14

Why are honeyguides considered parasites?

Accepted Answer

A)  they feed on worms 
B)  they feed on seeds 
C)  they feed on other birds 
D)  they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds 
A)  they feed on worms 
B)  they feed on seeds 
C)  they feed on other birds 
D)  they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds

Question 15

A change in the rate or frequency of movements in response to environmental stimuli is called taxis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Under what circumstances does the gene called ZENK become active in zebra finches, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of the ZENK gene is stimul

Question 17

What is the ultimate cause of the ability of male zebra finches to discriminate between the songs of established neighbours and those of strangers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons cease to respond to the sound of an established neighbour. 
B)  Zebra finches are capable of selective learning. 
C)  Zebra finches are genetically programmed to tolerate territory-holding neighbours but to repel invaders. 
D)  Male zebra finches produce more offspring by saving their energy for real battles. 
A)  Neurons cease to respond to the sound of an established neighbour. 
B)  Zebra finches are capable of selective learning. 
C)  Zebra finches are genetically programmed to tolerate territory-holding neighbours but to repel invaders. 
D)  Male zebra finches produce more offspring by saving their energy for real battles.

Question 18

Male lizards experimentally dosed with supplemental testosterone were more active, displayed more often, and had a higher rate of death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Full siblings share 25% of their alleles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Many insects have a genetically determined preference for plants they eat during their larval stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 32: Animal Behaviour

How is classical conditioning different from operant conditioning?

Which form of communication is likely to be intercepted by an attentive third party?

Match each term with its definition. -courtship displays

How is a taxis distinguished from a kinesis?

Figure 32-1 -In Figure 32-1, which graph represents the age span of worker bees primarily occupied by foraging?

Match each description of a mating system with the most appropriate term. -Male northern fur seals aggressively guard harems of up to 40 females.

Match each term with its definition. -learning

What do young male white-crowned sparrows match their vocal output to when they first begin to sing?

Categorize the following learning examples as either classical or operant conditioning. -A man becomes hungry when he hears the beep of the microwave oven.

Match each term with its definition. -migration

Laying eggs in another bird's nest is a learned behaviour in honeyguides.

Classify each example as one of the three behaviours. The behaviours may be used more than once. -A man stops his car on a deserted road to aid a stranded motorist he does not know.

Why are honeyguides considered parasites?

A change in the rate or frequency of movements in response to environmental stimuli is called taxis.

Under what circumstances does the gene called ZENK become active in zebra finches, and what is its effect?

What is the ultimate cause of the ability of male zebra finches to discriminate between the songs of established neighbours and those of strangers?

Male lizards experimentally dosed with supplemental testosterone were more active, displayed more often, and had a higher rate of death.

Full siblings share 25% of their alleles.

Many insects have a genetically determined preference for plants they eat during their larval stage.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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