Exam 6: States of Consciousness

What are circadian rhythms, how are our circadian clocks reset each day, and what happens if they are allowed to be "free-running"? How are circadian rhythms related to problems associated with seasonal affective disorder, jet lag, and night shiftwork? Discuss how various forms of light therapy are used to treat these problems.

The human brain is capable of a divided attention when it comes to performing different tasks at the same time?

Which of the following pieces of evidence is most consistent with evolutionary/circadian models of sleep?

According to the ______________, dreams are not particularly meaningful, but rather, are merely the result of random neural activity that the brain then interprets.

There is a theory that states that random brain activity occurs during REM sleep and this activity is interpreted and made sense of by the brain. This is the ______________ theory of dreaming.

More than 40 percent of traffic-related fatalities each year are caused by drunk driving, in part because people who have been drinking have notoriously bad judgment. They tend to focus only on the situation at hand and not on its long-term consequences. This is called

How do different types of sleep deprivation affect mood and performance?

David has had too much to drink at his 21^st birthday party, and thinks that maybe he should not drive. Not realizing that David has had too much to drink, his friend Barry asks him to drive Kelly home because she is too drunk to drive. David then reasons that he needs to do Kelly a favour and he will drive. According to the alcohol myopia theory, this poor decision was made as a result of a

Research by Owen and colleagues indicates that individuals in a vegetative state

Automobile accident rates are three or four times higher when people talk on the telephone while driving. This statistic demonstrates

Research has shown that we are more likely to dream when the brain is _____________, and it turns out that this type of brain activity is more common during ____________ sleep.

A person with a substance abuse problem suffers a near-fatal overdose after taking a typical amount of a drug in a new setting. The overdose appears to have occurred because the person's compensatory responses weren't triggered. This is an example of the process of ________________.

One of the changes in the brain during REM sleep that we know about involves the prefrontal cortex becoming less active. This may affect what we dream about by

What is the difference between an agonist drug and an antagonist drug? Give an example of each type. For both agonists and antagonists, list two general ways that these drugs can affect the activity of neurotransmitters.

When Kelly is interviewing potential nannies to care for her baby after it is born, she might take into consideration the likely amount of sleep the nanny applicants might require. Gladys, the grandmotherly 80-year-old, probably needs ____________ sleep than Courtney, the 19-year-old.

The function of sleep is to restore our fatigued bodies and recover from physical and mental weariness according to the ______________ model.

Describe some major characteristics of REM sleep.

"Other people cannot directly know what reality is for you, and you cannot enter directly into their experiences." This statement best demonstrates which of the following characteristics of consciousness?

If a drug is introduced into the nervous system, the body attempts to maintain its state of optimal physiological balance called ________________ by producing ______________, which are reactions opposite to the effect of the drug.

During REM sleep, your body is typically less physiologically aroused than during wakefulness.