Exam 6: States of Consciousness

An individual is taking part in a sleep study. At some point in the night, she experiences a severe nightmare. What stage of sleep was she likely in when this started?

An individual is in a sleep lab and you are trying to determine when she enters stage 2 sleep. What would you look for in the EEG tracings?

Of the alternatives below, the most problematic circadian disruption for society is caused by

The most common sleep disorder is

Assume you are participating in a sleep experiment in which each time you enter REM sleep, you are woken up and thus temporarily prevented from entering REM sleep. What will happen to your sleeping pattern immediately after the conclusion of the experiment?

In hypnosis studies examining pain tolerance, when hypnotized participants are asked if there is another part of them that is more aware than their hypnotized part, this "hidden observer" typically reports experiencing

One of friends is acting a little strangely. All you know is that they took a drug that increased the activity of GABA. What drug did they take?

People awakened after the first few moments of sleep occasionally report the presence of visual images. These beginning moments of sleep are referred to as

During REM sleep, Angela frequently acts out her dreams of being a prima ballerina. Many nights her parents find her spinning and twirling around her room. They usually wake her up, ask her about her dream and then she goes back to sleep. This disorder is responsible for

You are called in to consult on a homicide case. The coroner has provided an initial assessment that indicated increased dopamine and norepinephrine activity. You would like to know what, if any, drugs the victim might have taken prior to the incident. So, your immediate suspicion is

Christian experiences a sudden loss of motor control (cataplexy) and gets a sleep attack taking him directly into REM sleep. Christian's sleep attacks can occur at any time and can be of varying durations. Christian has _______________.

Research on the effect of alcohol on judgment and decision making has revealed that sober and intoxicated participants hold _____________ toward driving drunk, but the attitudes of intoxicated participants become ___________ when a cue emphasizing the benefits of driving is made salient.

One dangerous problem with tolerance processes is that compensatory responses are engaged following a classical conditioning process. This learning process could mean that _____________ could lead to an overdose when drugs are taken in an unusual environment.

The fact that people experience a REM-rebound effect if they are deprived of REM sleep contradicts the hypothesis that REM sleep serves a special function.

Research has shown that both short-term total sleep deprivation (up to 45 hours without sleep) and partial sleep deprivation (sleeping no more than 5 hours per night for one or more consecutive nights) can have large negative effects on mood, cognitive performance, and physical performance.

You are listening to a testimony in a murder trial. The defendant claims that while he was dreaming, he started to sleepwalk and he walked up to the victim and stabbed him. Consequently, he should not be held responsible since he was dreaming at the time. You don't really believe him. Why?

According to Freud, which of the following statements is/are FALSE?

Research has indicated that some of the "involuntary" behaviour produced by hypnosis may be related to the fact that the hypnotist is perceived as an authority figure in a legitimate context.

Roughly, 45 hours make the cut-off for the difference between short- and long-term sleep deprivation?

An individual in your sleep lab suddenly bursts out into a song and moves her hands around wildly while she is sleeping. Most likely, this person has