Exam 19: Race, Ethnicity, and Corrections

Young people who live in poverty and disadvantage may develop what has been called " ," which includes a greater willingness to commit violence.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior b. Inequality of treatment c. A difference explained by legitimate factors d. A concept that is often treated as biological even though it is not e. Cultural characteristics f. Says that white fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites g. Contribute to higher crime rates and are also caused by them h. The multiracial, multiethnic composition of society i. A consequence of those convicted of felonies not being allowed to vote j. Representation of the law as an ever-present continuum -Race

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior b. Inequality of treatment c. A difference explained by legitimate factors d. A concept that is often treated as biological even though it is not e. Cultural characteristics f. Says that white fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites g. Contribute to higher crime rates and are also caused by them h. The multiracial, multiethnic composition of society i. A consequence of those convicted of felonies not being allowed to vote j. Representation of the law as an ever-present continuum -Disenfranchisement

Sentencing for drug crimes contributes to the high incarceration rate of African Americans.

In terms of culture, the United States is a .

Disparity occurs when groups are differentially treated without regard to their behavior or qualifications.

Unequal treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with the treatment afforded other groups, is referred to as .

Drug crimes are the only place we see discriminatory incarceration rates.

Even without discriminating, the criminal justice system can exacerbate problems faced by minorities when it .

President Obama signed the Fair Sentencing Act of , eliminating mandatory minimum sentences for crack and powder cocaine use.

The disparity between and punishment patterns is key to the claim by some scholars that the criminal justice system is biased against minority groups.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior b. Inequality of treatment c. A difference explained by legitimate factors d. A concept that is often treated as biological even though it is not e. Cultural characteristics f. Says that white fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites g. Contribute to higher crime rates and are also caused by them h. The multiracial, multiethnic composition of society i. A consequence of those convicted of felonies not being allowed to vote j. Representation of the law as an ever-present continuum -Social problems

List and explain three ways in which the criminal justice system operates to allow for an overrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos/as in prisons. Give one example each involving the police, the courts, and the correctional system.

is assumed to be a biological concept that divides humankind into categories related to skin color and other physical features.

Which of the following types of explanation of the overrepresentation of people of color in the criminal justice system is vulnerable to the charge of racism?

explanations for crime disparities imply the existence of a "criminal class" of people who constitute an ongoing danger to society.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three themes use to explain the cause of racial disparities in the criminal justice system?

Racial disparity in sentencing occurs mainly because of overt racism in the criminal justice system.

How do social inequalities experienced by African Americans as a whole bear on their relationship to the criminal justice system?

Racial disparities become racial if people who are otherwise similar in their criminality are treated differently by the criminal justice system.