Question 1

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects?
I.autocrine
II.paracrine
III.endocrine

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and II 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and II 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 2

If a portion of the pancreas is surgically removed from a rat and the rat subsequently loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that somehow stimulates appetite. Given this scenario, what type of chemical signaling is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine 
B)  paracrine 
C)  endocrine 
D)  neuroendocrine 
A)  autocrine 
B)  paracrine 
C)  endocrine 
D)  neuroendocrine

Question 3

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures. The more calcium in the bones, the better the bone density. Which of the following would produce the greatest increase in bone calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitonin injection 
B)  calcitonin receptor blocker 
C)  parathyroid hormone injection 
D)  glucagon receptor blocker 
A)  calcitonin injection 
B)  calcitonin receptor blocker 
C)  parathyroid hormone injection 
D)  glucagon receptor blocker

Question 4

Different body cells can respond differently to the same polypeptide hormones because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different target cells have different sets of genes 
B)  a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways 
C)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets 
D)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system 
A)  different target cells have different sets of genes 
B)  a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways 
C)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets 
D)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system

Question 5

Growth factors are local regulators that

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by the anterior pituitary. 
B)  are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. 
C)  are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division. 
D)  bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells. 
A)  are produced by the anterior pituitary. 
B)  are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. 
C)  are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division. 
D)  bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells.

Question 6

Rapid changes to skin color in many vertebrates is under the control of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  melatonin 
A)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  melatonin

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects? I.autocrine II.paracrine III.endocrine

If a portion of the pancreas is surgically removed from a rat and the rat subsequently loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that somehow stimulates appetite. Given this scenario, what type of chemical signaling is occurring?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures. The more calcium in the bones, the better the bone density. Which of the following would produce the greatest increase in bone calcium levels?

Different body cells can respond differently to the same polypeptide hormones because ________.

Growth factors are local regulators that

Rapid changes to skin color in many vertebrates is under the control of ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

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DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

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The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

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Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

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An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

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Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

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Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Osmoregulation and Excretion

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