Question 1

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to circulating viral antigens 
B)  lyse tumor cells 
C)  stimulate a cytotoxic T cell 
D)  interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex 
A)  respond to circulating viral antigens 
B)  lyse tumor cells 
C)  stimulate a cytotoxic T cell 
D)  interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex

Question 2

When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the antibody having at least two binding regions 
B)  disulfide bridges between the antigens 
C)  bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules 
D)  denaturation of the antibodies 
A)  the antibody having at least two binding regions 
B)  disulfide bridges between the antigens 
C)  bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules 
D)  denaturation of the antibodies

Question 3

You and a friend were in line for a movie when you noticed the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you were equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your friend had antibodies to that virus. 
B)  You had an immunological memory of that virus. 
C)  Your friend had an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  Your friend had allergies. 
A)  Your friend had antibodies to that virus. 
B)  You had an immunological memory of that virus. 
C)  Your friend had an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  Your friend had allergies.

Question 4

Clonal selection is an explanation for how ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  V, J, and C gene segments are rearranged 
B)  an antigen can provoke production of high amounts of specific antibodies 
C)  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can disrupt the immune system 
D)  macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells 
A)  V, J, and C gene segments are rearranged 
B)  an antigen can provoke production of high amounts of specific antibodies 
C)  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can disrupt the immune system 
D)  macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells

Question 5

An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules 
B)  the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response 
C)  a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells 
D)  the graft will stimulate an autoimmune response in the recipient 
A)  MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules 
B)  the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response 
C)  a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells 
D)  the graft will stimulate an autoimmune response in the recipient

Question 6

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys cancerous cells by punching holes in plasma membranes and triggering apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  toll-like proteins 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  cytotoxic T cells 
A)  toll-like proteins 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  cytotoxic T cells

Question 7

Vaccination offers protection against future exposure to pathogens because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates the complement system 
B)  triggers clonal expansion of lymphocytes 
C)  promotes inflammation 
D)  enhances the activity of macrophages 
A)  stimulates the complement system 
B)  triggers clonal expansion of lymphocytes 
C)  promotes inflammation 
D)  enhances the activity of macrophages

Question 8

Use the graphs to answer the following question.
Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide were tested for survival after infection with Neurospora crassa fungi or with Micrococcus luteus bacteria.

The results shown in the graphs support the hypothesis that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adding the defensin gene to such mutants protects them from death by bacterial infection 
B)  adding the drosomycin gene to such mutants protects them from death by bacterial infection 
C)  wild-type flies with the full set of genes for antimicrobial peptides are highly susceptible to both fungal and bacterial pathogens 
D)  the presence of any single antimicrobial peptide protects against both fungal and bacterial pathogens 
A)  adding the defensin gene to such mutants protects them from death by bacterial infection 
B)  adding the drosomycin gene to such mutants protects them from death by bacterial infection 
C)  wild-type flies with the full set of genes for antimicrobial peptides are highly susceptible to both fungal and bacterial pathogens 
D)  the presence of any single antimicrobial peptide protects against both fungal and bacterial pathogens

Question 9

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large quantities of the antigen initially recognized 
B)  vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors 
C)  long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen 
D)  short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen 
A)  large quantities of the antigen initially recognized 
B)  vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors 
C)  long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen 
D)  short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Exam 43: The Immune System

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.

When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from ________.

Clonal selection is an explanation for how ________.

An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because ________.

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys cancerous cells by punching holes in plasma membranes and triggering apoptosis?

Vaccination offers protection against future exposure to pathogens because it ________.

Use the graphs to answer the following question. Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide were tested for survival after infection with Neurospora crassa fungi or with Micrococcus luteus bacteria. The results shown in the graphs support the hypothesis that ________.

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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