Question 1

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent)for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital) whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS but rarely in those not infected by HIV 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives 
A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital) whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS but rarely in those not infected by HIV 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives

Question 2

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Accepted Answer

A)  duplication of specific gene sequences for the appropriate antibody 
B)  increased rough endoplasmic reticulum for greater antibody production 
C)  duplication of lysosomes in order to store the antibodies before transport 
D)  increased antigen presentation on the surface of the plasma cells 
A)  duplication of specific gene sequences for the appropriate antibody 
B)  increased rough endoplasmic reticulum for greater antibody production 
C)  duplication of lysosomes in order to store the antibodies before transport 
D)  increased antigen presentation on the surface of the plasma cells

Question 3

Vaccination increases the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  different receptors that recognize a pathogen. 
B)  lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen. 
C)  epitopes that the immune system can recognize. 
D)  MHC molecules that can present an antigen. 
A)  different receptors that recognize a pathogen. 
B)  lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen. 
C)  epitopes that the immune system can recognize. 
D)  MHC molecules that can present an antigen.

Question 4

The complement system is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity 
B)  a group of proteins that includes interferons and interleukins 
C)  a group of proteins that act together in a cascade fashion 
D)  a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes 
A)  a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity 
B)  a group of proteins that includes interferons and interleukins 
C)  a group of proteins that act together in a cascade fashion 
D)  a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes

Question 5

Inflammatory responses typically include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area 
B)  reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma 
C)  release of substances to decrease the blood supply to an inflamed area 
D)  inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrow 
A)  increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area 
B)  reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma 
C)  release of substances to decrease the blood supply to an inflamed area 
D)  inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrow

Question 6

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides 
A)  enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides

Question 7

An immunoglobulin (Ig)molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one C region and one V region 
B)  one H region and one L region 
C)  three H regions and one L region 
D)  two C regions and two V regions 
A)  one C region and one V region 
B)  one H region and one L region 
C)  three H regions and one L region 
D)  two C regions and two V regions

Question 8

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of MHC molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive 
A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of MHC molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive

Question 9

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  An antigen fragment is presented within class I MHC to the T cell receptor. 
B)  Interferon proteins stick to the surface of infected cells. 
C)  T cells recognize antibodies that have bound to viral particles. 
D)  The virus is engulfed by T cells using Toll-like receptors. 
A)  An antigen fragment is presented within class I MHC to the T cell receptor. 
B)  Interferon proteins stick to the surface of infected cells. 
C)  T cells recognize antibodies that have bound to viral particles. 
D)  The virus is engulfed by T cells using Toll-like receptors.

Question 10

The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the rearrangement of V region genes in that clone of responsive B cells 
B)  a switch in the kind of antigen-presenting cell that is involved in the immune response 
C)  a patient's reaction to the first kind of antibody made by the plasma cells 
D)  the rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain C region DNA 
A)  the rearrangement of V region genes in that clone of responsive B cells 
B)  a switch in the kind of antigen-presenting cell that is involved in the immune response 
C)  a patient's reaction to the first kind of antibody made by the plasma cells 
D)  the rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain C region DNA

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  a condition in which B and T cells trigger anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen 
B)  a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen 
C)  a condition in which self molecules are treated as nonself (loss of self-tolerance) 
D)  a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by a specific antigen 
A)  a condition in which B and T cells trigger anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen 
B)  a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen 
C)  a condition in which self molecules are treated as nonself (loss of self-tolerance) 
D)  a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by a specific antigen

Question 12

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane)to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her major histocompatibility (MH
C)  proteins may not be a match 
B)  a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change 
C)  for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles 
D)  Jane's MHC class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow 
A)  even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her major histocompatibility (MH
C)  proteins may not be a match 
B)  a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change 
C)  for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles 
D)  Jane's MHC class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow

Question 13

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of major histocompatibility (MH
C)  molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the susceptibility to a particular virus 
A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of major histocompatibility (MH
C)  molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the susceptibility to a particular virus

Question 14

Arrange in the correct sequence these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen.
I Pathogen is destroyed.
II Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
III Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.
IV Lymphocytes specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous.

v.Only memory cells remain.

Accepted Answer

A)  I → III → II → IV → V 
B)  II → I → IV → III → V 
C)  IV → II → III → I → V 
D)  III → IV → II → I → V 
A)  I → III → II → IV → V 
B)  II → I → IV → III → V 
C)  IV → II → III → I → V 
D)  III → IV → II → I → V

Question 15

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  injection of vaccine 
B)  ingestion of interferon 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes 
A)  injection of vaccine 
B)  ingestion of interferon 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes

Question 16

The number of major histocompatibility (MHC)protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the MHC proteins are made from several different gene regions that are capable of rearranging in a number of ways 
B)  MHC proteins from one individual can only be of class I or class II 
C)  each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only inherits two for each gene 
D)  once a B cell has matured in the bone marrow, it is limited to two MHC response categories 
A)  the MHC proteins are made from several different gene regions that are capable of rearranging in a number of ways 
B)  MHC proteins from one individual can only be of class I or class II 
C)  each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only inherits two for each gene 
D)  once a B cell has matured in the bone marrow, it is limited to two MHC response categories

Question 17

CD4 and CD8 are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells 
B)  receptors present on the surface of natural killer cells 
C)  molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatibility (MH
C)  molecules 
D)  molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells where they enhance B cell activity 
A)  proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells 
B)  receptors present on the surface of natural killer cells 
C)  molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatibility (MH
C)  molecules 
D)  molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells where they enhance B cell activity

Question 18

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell contact antigen → helper T cell is activated → clonal selection occurs 
B)  body cell becomes infected with a virus → new viral proteins appear → class I MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed on cell surface 
C)  complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D)  cytotoxic T cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis 
A)  B cell contact antigen → helper T cell is activated → clonal selection occurs 
B)  body cell becomes infected with a virus → new viral proteins appear → class I MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed on cell surface 
C)  complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D)  cytotoxic T cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis

Question 19

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement protein 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  major histocompatibility complex proteins 
A)  complement protein 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  major histocompatibility complex proteins

Question 20

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct?
I B cell receptors bind to epitopes.
II T cell receptors bind to epitopes.
III There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen.
IV There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV

Exam 43: The Immune System

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent)for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Vaccination increases the number of

The complement system is ________.

Inflammatory responses typically include ________.

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

An immunoglobulin (Ig)molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

The switch of one B cell from producing one class of antibody to another class of antibody that is responsive to the same antigen is due to ________.

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane)to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

The number of major histocompatibility (MHC)protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.

CD4 and CD8 are ________.

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct? I B cell receptors bind to epitopes. II T cell receptors bind to epitopes. III There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen. IV There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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