Question 1

Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times in development. Which of the listed mechanisms could allow for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  exon shuffling 
B)  pseudogene activation 
C)  differential translation of mRNAs 
D)  differential gene regulation over time 
A)  exon shuffling 
B)  pseudogene activation 
C)  differential translation of mRNAs 
D)  differential gene regulation over time

Question 2

Bioinformatics can be used to scan for short sequences that specify known mRNAs, called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  expressed sequence tags 
B)  multigene families 
C)  proteomes 
D)  short tandem repeats 
A)  expressed sequence tags 
B)  multigene families 
C)  proteomes 
D)  short tandem repeats

Question 3

Which of the following processes correctly describes gene annotation in bioinformatics?

Accepted Answer

A)  finding transcriptional start and stop sites, RNA splice sites, and ESTs in DNA sequences 
B)  assigning names to newly discovered genes 
C)  describing the functions of noncoding regions of the genome 
D)  matching the corresponding phenotypes of different species 
A)  finding transcriptional start and stop sites, RNA splice sites, and ESTs in DNA sequences 
B)  assigning names to newly discovered genes 
C)  describing the functions of noncoding regions of the genome 
D)  matching the corresponding phenotypes of different species

Question 4

Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated an important role of the FOXP2 transcription factor in the development of vocalizations. Recent sequence comparisons of the FOXP2 gene in Neanderthals and modern humans show that while the DNA sequence may be different, the protein sequence it codes for is identical. Which of the following conclusions might logically be inferred from this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  There was a problem with the experiment because different DNA sequences cannot result in the same protein sequence. 
B)  The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were primitive beings that could only grunt. 
C)  Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought. 
D)  The experiments in mice demonstrating the function of the FOXP2 gene are not relevant to humans and Neanderthals because they are not primates. 
A)  There was a problem with the experiment because different DNA sequences cannot result in the same protein sequence. 
B)  The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were primitive beings that could only grunt. 
C)  Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought. 
D)  The experiments in mice demonstrating the function of the FOXP2 gene are not relevant to humans and Neanderthals because they are not primates.

Exam 21: Genomes and Their Evolution

Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times in development. Which of the listed mechanisms could allow for this?

Bioinformatics can be used to scan for short sequences that specify known mRNAs, called ________.

Which of the following processes correctly describes gene annotation in bioinformatics?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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