Exam 3: Water and Life

Which of the following can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

Why is a steam burn more severe than a hot water burn?

To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?

Cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion are the properties of water molecules that ________.

A beaker contains 100 milliliters (mL)of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the result of this mixing?

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? Acidification of seawater would ________.

When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl)is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na⁺)and chloride ions (Cl⁻). In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol)do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

Identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on two identical containers, one containing water and one methanol (wood alcohol), so that each liquid absorbs the same amount of energy minute by minute. The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol?

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with ________.

The molar mass of glucose is 180 grams per mole (g/mol). Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 1 M solution of glucose? In 0.8 liter (L)of water, dissolve ________.

A solution contains 0.0000001 (10⁻⁷)moles of hydrogen ions [H⁺] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?

The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants. What do you expect the scientist's data will indicate from this experiment?