Question 1

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H₂S will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have greater cohesion to other molecules of H₂S 
B)  have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other 
C)  have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature 
D)  not form hydrogen bonds with each other 
A)  have greater cohesion to other molecules of H₂S 
B)  have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other 
C)  have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature 
D)  not form hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 2

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Two moles of the compound in the figure would weigh how many grams? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  90 
D)  120 
A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  90 
D)  120

Question 3

Which of the following is considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ 
B)  NH₃ + H⁺ ⇔ NH₄⁺ 
C)  H₂CO₃ ⇔ HCO₃- + H⁺ 
D)  NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻ 
A)  HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ 
B)  NH₃ + H⁺ ⇔ NH₄⁺ 
C)  H₂CO₃ ⇔ HCO₃- + H⁺ 
D)  NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻

Question 4

One mole (mol)of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons)is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  180 × 10²³ molecules of glucose 
B)  1 kilogram of glucose dissolved in 1 liter of solution 
C)  180 mL of dissolved glucose 
D)  180 grams of glucose 
A)  180 × 10²³ molecules of glucose 
B)  1 kilogram of glucose dissolved in 1 liter of solution 
C)  180 mL of dissolved glucose 
D)  180 grams of glucose

Question 5

Melting of ice and thus reduced feeding opportunities for polar bears is occurring because of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in phytoplankton population 
B)  drying up of lakes and streams 
C)  constant breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds in water 
D)  increase in CO₂ and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 
A)  increase in phytoplankton population 
B)  drying up of lakes and streams 
C)  constant breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds in water 
D)  increase in CO₂ and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Question 6

Liquid water ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is less dense than ice 
B)  has a specific heat lower than that of most other substances 
C)  has a heat of vaporization higher than that of most other substances 
D)  is nonpolar 
A)  is less dense than ice 
B)  has a specific heat lower than that of most other substances 
C)  has a heat of vaporization higher than that of most other substances 
D)  is nonpolar

Question 7

Water has many exceptional and useful properties. Which is the rarest property among compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is a solvent. 
B)  Solid water is less dense than liquid water. 
C)  Water has a high heat capacity. 
D)  Water has surface tension. 
A)  Water is a solvent. 
B)  Solid water is less dense than liquid water. 
C)  Water has a high heat capacity. 
D)  Water has surface tension.

Question 8

Thermal energy of the water in a bathtub is ________ than in a freshly brewed coffee pot because of its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; greater volume 
B)  higher; high kinetic energy 
C)  lower; low temperature 
D)  lower; low density 
A)  higher; greater volume 
B)  higher; high kinetic energy 
C)  lower; low temperature 
D)  lower; low density

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They maintain a constant pH of 7. 
B)  They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them. 
C)  They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added to them. 
D)  They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them. 
A)  They maintain a constant pH of 7. 
B)  They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them. 
C)  They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added to them. 
D)  They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

Question 10

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.0 M 
B)  10⁻¹⁰ M 
C)  10⁻⁴ M 
D)  10⁴ M 
A)  4.0 M 
B)  10⁻¹⁰ M 
C)  10⁻⁴ M 
D)  10⁴ M

Question 11

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)

Accepted Answer

A)  50°C 
B)  5°C 
C)  100°C 
D)  10°C 
A)  50°C 
B)  5°C 
C)  100°C 
D)  10°C

Question 12

A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. One kilocalorie equals ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C 
B)  10,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°F 
C)  1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C 
D)  1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 100°C 
A)  1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C 
B)  10,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°F 
C)  1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C 
D)  1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 100°C

Question 13

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

Accepted Answer

A)  mass. 
B)  volume. 
C)  number of atoms. 
D)  number of molecules. 
A)  mass. 
B)  volume. 
C)  number of atoms. 
D)  number of molecules.

Question 14

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO₂ + H₂O $ \rightleftharpoons $ H₂CO₃. What would be the effect of adding additional H₂O?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right. 
B)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left. 
C)  Nothing would happen because the reactants and products are in equilibrium. 
D)  Reactions in both the directions will slow down. 
A)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right. 
B)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left. 
C)  Nothing would happen because the reactants and products are in equilibrium. 
D)  Reactions in both the directions will slow down.

Question 15

As the [H₃O⁺] of the solution decreases, the [OH⁻] ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases and thus pH increases 
B)  increases and thus pH decreases 
C)  decreases and thus the pH decreases 
D)  decreases and thus the pH increases 
A)  increases and thus pH increases 
B)  increases and thus pH decreases 
C)  decreases and thus the pH decreases 
D)  decreases and thus the pH increases

Question 16

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top. 
B)  The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking. 
C)  Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water. 
D)  The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water. 
A)  The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top. 
B)  The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking. 
C)  Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water. 
D)  The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water.

Question 17

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 × 10⁻⁹ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
B)  1 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
C)  5.0 M hydroxide ion 
D)  5.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
A)  1 × 10⁻⁹ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
B)  1 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
C)  5.0 M hydroxide ion 
D)  5.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water

Question 18

One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻)and a hydrogen ion (H⁺). (See figure.)
$\underset{\text { Carbonic acid }}{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}} \rightleftharpoons \underset{\text { Bicarbonate ion }}{\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}}+\underset{\text { Hydrogen ion }}{\mathrm{H}^{+}}$

If the pH of blood drops, one would expect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the concentration of H₂CO₃ and an increase in the concentration of HCO₃⁻ 
B)  the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) to increase 
C)  the HCO₃⁻ to act as a base and remove excess H⁺ by the formation of H₂CO₃ 
D)  the HCO₃⁻ to act as an acid and remove excess H⁺ by the formation of H₂CO₃ 
A)  a decrease in the concentration of H₂CO₃ and an increase in the concentration of HCO₃⁻ 
B)  the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) to increase 
C)  the HCO₃⁻ to act as a base and remove excess H⁺ by the formation of H₂CO₃ 
D)  the HCO₃⁻ to act as an acid and remove excess H⁺ by the formation of H₂CO₃

Question 19

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water. 
B)  It is a strong base that dissociates completely in water. 
C)  It is a weak acid. 
D)  It is a weak base. 
A)  It is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water. 
B)  It is a strong base that dissociates completely in water. 
C)  It is a weak acid. 
D)  It is a weak base.

Question 20

Increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations might have what effect on seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seawater will become more alkaline, and carbonate concentrations will decrease. 
B)  There will be no change in the pH of seawater, because carbonate will turn to bicarbonate. 
C)  Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease. 
D)  Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will increase. 
A)  Seawater will become more alkaline, and carbonate concentrations will decrease. 
B)  There will be no change in the pH of seawater, because carbonate will turn to bicarbonate. 
C)  Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease. 
D)  Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will increase.

Exam 3: Water and Life

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H₂S will ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. Two moles of the compound in the figure would weigh how many grams? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)

Which of the following is considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

One mole (mol)of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons)is ________.

Melting of ice and thus reduced feeding opportunities for polar bears is occurring because of the ________.

Liquid water ________.

Water has many exceptional and useful properties. Which is the rarest property among compounds?

Thermal energy of the water in a bathtub is ________ than in a freshly brewed coffee pot because of its ________.

Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)

A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. One kilocalorie equals ________.

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ H₂CO₃. What would be the effect of adding additional H₂O?

As the [H₃O⁺] of the solution decreases, the [OH⁻] ________.

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

Increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations might have what effect on seawater?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Thermal energy of the water in a bathtub is than in a freshly brewed coffee pot because of its .

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO₂ + H₂O $\rightleftharpoons$ H₂CO₃. What would be the effect of adding additional H₂O?