Question 1

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What results from the chemical reaction in the illustration? The reactants have no charge.

Accepted Answer

A)  a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of +1 
B)  a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of -1 
C)  a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of +1 
D)  a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1 
A)  a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of +1 
B)  a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of -1 
C)  a cation with a net charge of -1 and an anion with a net charge of +1 
D)  a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1

Question 2

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. 
B)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons. 
C)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons. 
D)  Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons. 
A)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. 
B)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons. 
C)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons. 
D)  Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons.

Question 3

The left to right order of elements in the periodic table is based on their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic mass 
B)  atomic number 
C)  electric charge of the atom 
D)  the number of neutrons 
A)  atomic mass 
B)  atomic number 
C)  electric charge of the atom 
D)  the number of neutrons

Question 4

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
3H₂ + N₂ $ \rightleftharpoons $ 2NH₃
-Which of the following factors will increase the rate of reaction in the forward direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of nitrogen 
B)  addition of ammonia 
C)  addition of hydrogen 
D)  addition of both nitrogen and hydrogen 
A)  addition of nitrogen 
B)  addition of ammonia 
C)  addition of hydrogen 
D)  addition of both nitrogen and hydrogen

Question 5

When are atoms most stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  when they have the fewest possible valence electrons 
B)  when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons 
C)  when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled 
D)  when all electrons are paired 
A)  when they have the fewest possible valence electrons 
B)  when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons 
C)  when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled 
D)  when all electrons are paired

Question 6

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions 
A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions

Question 7

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6

Question 8

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  five 
C)  six 
D)  seven 
A)  four 
B)  five 
C)  six 
D)  seven

Question 9

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What is the atomic number of the cation formed in the reaction in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  10 
C)  11 
D)  16 
A)  8 
B)  10 
C)  11 
D)  16

Question 10

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

Accepted Answer

A)  single, double, or triple 
B)  single and double only 
C)  single bonds only 
D)  double bonds only 
A)  single, double, or triple 
B)  single and double only 
C)  single bonds only 
D)  double bonds only

Question 11

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C)  oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 
D)  carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 
A)  carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C)  oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 
D)  carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 12

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 8 grams 
B)  approximately 8 daltons 
C)  approximately 16 grams 
D)  approximately 16 daltons 
A)  approximately 8 grams 
B)  approximately 8 daltons 
C)  approximately 16 grams 
D)  approximately 16 daltons

Question 13

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  12 
C)  19 
D)  34 
A)  16 
B)  12 
C)  19 
D)  34

Question 14

Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table) to answer the questions below.
  
-Which pair of elements would likely have similar valency and thus similar chemical behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen and phosphorus 
B)  carbon and nitrogen 
C)  sodium and chlorine 
D)  hydrogen and helium 
A)  nitrogen and phosphorus 
B)  carbon and nitrogen 
C)  sodium and chlorine 
D)  hydrogen and helium

Question 15

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-How many electrons will a single atom of sulfur with no charge and no bonds have in its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32

Question 16

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-How is a single covalent bond formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two atoms share two pairs of electrons. 
B)  Two atoms share two electrons. 
C)  Two atoms share one electron. 
D)  One atom loses a pair of electrons to the other. 
A)  Two atoms share two pairs of electrons. 
B)  Two atoms share two electrons. 
C)  Two atoms share one electron. 
D)  One atom loses a pair of electrons to the other.

Question 17

A neutral atom has two, eight, eight electrons in its first, second, and third energy levels. This information ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  does not tell us about the atomic number of the element 
B)  does not tell us about the chemical properties of the element 
C)  does not tell us about the atomic mass of the element 
D)  does not tell us about the size of the element 
A)  does not tell us about the atomic number of the element 
B)  does not tell us about the chemical properties of the element 
C)  does not tell us about the atomic mass of the element 
D)  does not tell us about the size of the element

Question 18

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  polar covalent bonds 
C)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  polar covalent bonds 
C)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds

Question 19

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

Accepted Answer

A)  HS 
B)  HS₂ 
C)  H₂S 
D)  H₄S 
A)  HS 
B)  HS₂ 
C)  H₂S 
D)  H₄S

Question 20

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
3H₂ + N₂ $ \rightleftharpoons $ 2NH₃
-Which of the following is true for the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction is nonreversible. 
B)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. 
C)  Ammonia is being formed and decomposed simultaneously. 
D)  Only the forward or reverse reactions can occur at one time. 
A)  The reaction is nonreversible. 
B)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. 
C)  Ammonia is being formed and decomposed simultaneously. 
D)  Only the forward or reverse reactions can occur at one time.

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -What results from the chemical reaction in the illustration? The reactants have no charge.

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

The left to right order of elements in the periodic table is based on their ________.

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ 2NH₃ -Which of the following factors will increase the rate of reaction in the forward direction?

When are atoms most stable?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -What is the atomic number of the cation formed in the reaction in the illustration?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?

Refer to the following figure (first three rows of the periodic table) to answer the questions below. -Which pair of elements would likely have similar valency and thus similar chemical behavior?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -How many electrons will a single atom of sulfur with no charge and no bonds have in its valence shell?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -How is a single covalent bond formed?

A neutral atom has two, eight, eight electrons in its first, second, and third energy levels. This information ________.

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ 2NH₃ -Which of the following is true for the reaction?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ $\rightleftharpoons$ 2NH₃ -Which of the following factors will increase the rate of reaction in the forward direction?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ; these elements tend to form in solution.

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ $\rightleftharpoons$ 2NH₃ -Which of the following is true for the reaction?