Exam 37: Africa, 1800 to 1980

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It was gender specific until recently. Men have usually been the ironsmiths and metalworkers as well as builders and carvers. Women are the painters, potters, and ceramic sculptors. Both men and women weave and bead.

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The change and continuing evolution of African art can be seen through various shifts in style, technique, and subject matter over time. One significant change is the incorporation of modern and contemporary influences, as African artists have been exposed to global art movements and have adapted their traditional practices to reflect new ideas and perspectives.

For example, the work of contemporary Nigerian artist Njideka Akunyili Crosby combines elements of traditional African art with Western influences, creating a unique fusion that speaks to the artist's multicultural identity. Her use of collage, painting, and mixed media reflects a departure from traditional African art forms while still maintaining a connection to her cultural heritage.

Another example of the evolution of African art can be seen in the shift from purely functional to more decorative and expressive forms. Traditional African art often served practical purposes, such as masks for ceremonial rituals or sculptures for religious worship. However, contemporary African artists have expanded the boundaries of their art to include more abstract and conceptual works that explore themes of identity, politics, and social issues.

One such artist is El Anatsui from Ghana, whose large-scale metal sculptures made from discarded bottle caps and other found materials challenge traditional notions of African art. His work blurs the line between sculpture and installation, and addresses themes of globalization, consumerism, and environmental sustainability.

Overall, the change and continuing evolution of African art can be seen in the ways that artists are reinterpreting and reimagining traditional forms, experimenting with new materials and techniques, and engaging with contemporary issues. This ongoing evolution reflects the dynamic and diverse nature of African art, and its ability to adapt and thrive in a rapidly changing world.