Question 1

Identify a chemical reagent that is used to convert a monosaccharide to an alditol.

Accepted Answer

A)  2-methylaniline 
B)  sodium borohydride 
C)  N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 
D)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
A)  2-methylaniline 
B)  sodium borohydride 
C)  N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 
D)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

Question 2

Under which of the following conditions can monosaccharides be oxidized to aldonic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic conditions 
B)  basic conditions 
C)  neutral conditions 
D)  all of these 
A)  acidic conditions 
B)  basic conditions 
C)  neutral conditions 
D)  all of these

Question 3

How are the hydroxyl groups oriented in an α-D-glucopyranose ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the hydroxyl groups are present above the plane of the ring. 
B)  All the hydroxyl groups are present below the plane of the ring. 
C)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present above the plane of the ring. 
D)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present below the plane of the ring. 
A)  All the hydroxyl groups are present above the plane of the ring. 
B)  All the hydroxyl groups are present below the plane of the ring. 
C)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present above the plane of the ring. 
D)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present below the plane of the ring.

Question 4

Examine the following structures.         Which of the following structures is an aldopentose?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  None of these is an aldopentose. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  None of these is an aldopentose.

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of plant starch is amylose?

Accepted Answer

A)  40-45% 
B)  20-25% 
C)  75-80% 
D)  85-90% 
A)  40-45% 
B)  20-25% 
C)  75-80% 
D)  85-90%

Question 6

Which of the following compounds is an aldotetrose?

Accepted Answer

A)  threose 
B)  ribose 
C)  arabinose 
D)  xylose 
A)  threose 
B)  ribose 
C)  arabinose 
D)  xylose

Question 7

Which of the following compounds is a D-aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)  D-xylose 
B)  D-lyxose 
C)  D-talose 
D)  D-psicose 
A)  D-xylose 
B)  D-lyxose 
C)  D-talose 
D)  D-psicose

Question 8

Which of the following elements is present in heparin but not in hyaluronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  sulfur 
D)  none of these 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  sulfur 
D)  none of these

Question 9

Which of the following carbohydrates makes up crustacean shells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  chitin 
C)  glucose 
D)  glycogen 
A)  cellulose 
B)  chitin 
C)  glucose 
D)  glycogen

Question 10

What is the common molecular formula of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cn(H2O)m 
B)  Cn(OH)m 
C)  (CO)n(H2O)n 
D)  (CO)n(OH)m 
A)  Cn(H2O)m 
B)  Cn(OH)m 
C)  (CO)n(H2O)n 
D)  (CO)n(OH)m

Question 11

Which of the following is the sweetest carbohydrate among the given carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose 
B)  glucose 
C)  maltose 
D)  sucrose 
A)  fructose 
B)  glucose 
C)  maltose 
D)  sucrose

Question 12

Including their enantiomeric pairs, how many different 2-ketohexoes are present in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  four 
C)  eight 
D)  sixteen 
A)  two 
B)  four 
C)  eight 
D)  sixteen

Question 13

Which of the following membrane-bound carbohydrates is found in the O antigens of type O blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
B)  D-galactose 
C)  Both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose 
D)  Neither N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nor D-galactose 
A)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
B)  D-galactose 
C)  Both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose 
D)  Neither N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nor D-galactose

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of plant starch is amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-15% 
B)  20-25% 
C)  75-80% 
D)  25-30% 
A)  10-15% 
B)  20-25% 
C)  75-80% 
D)  25-30%

Question 15

Which of the following disaccharides gives fructose on hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  maltose 
B)  lactose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  cellulose 
A)  maltose 
B)  lactose 
C)  sucrose 
D)  cellulose

Question 16

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is stored only in the liver. 
B)  It is stored only in muscle cells. 
C)  It is distributed unequally between the liver and muscle cells. 
D)  It is distributed almost equally between the liver and muscle cells. 
A)  It is stored only in the liver. 
B)  It is stored only in muscle cells. 
C)  It is distributed unequally between the liver and muscle cells. 
D)  It is distributed almost equally between the liver and muscle cells.

Question 17

Under which of the following conditions can monosaccharides be oxidized to uronic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  basic conditions 
B)  enzymatic conditions 
C)  acidic conditions 
D)  none of these 
A)  basic conditions 
B)  enzymatic conditions 
C)  acidic conditions 
D)  none of these

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of polysaccharides based on the number of monosaccharide units?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylopectin < amylose < glycogen 
B)  amylose < amylopectin < glycogen 
C)  glycogen < amylopectin < amylose 
D)  glycogen < amylose < amylopectin 
A)  amylopectin < amylose < glycogen 
B)  amylose < amylopectin < glycogen 
C)  glycogen < amylopectin < amylose 
D)  glycogen < amylose < amylopectin

Question 19

Examine the given chemical structures.         Which of the following chemical structures has a D-configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and C 
B)  B and D 
C)  B and C 
D)  A and D 
E)  A, B, and D 
A)  A and C 
B)  B and D 
C)  B and C 
D)  A and D 
E)  A, B, and D

Question 20

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of an aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six 
A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six

Exam 19: Carbohydrates

Identify a chemical reagent that is used to convert a monosaccharide to an alditol.

Under which of the following conditions can monosaccharides be oxidized to aldonic acids?

How are the hydroxyl groups oriented in an α-D-glucopyranose ring?

Examine the following structures. Which of the following structures is an aldopentose?

Approximately what percentage of plant starch is amylose?

Which of the following compounds is an aldotetrose?

Which of the following compounds is a D-aldohexose?

Which of the following elements is present in heparin but not in hyaluronic acid?

Which of the following carbohydrates makes up crustacean shells?

What is the common molecular formula of carbohydrates?

Which of the following is the sweetest carbohydrate among the given carbohydrates?

Including their enantiomeric pairs, how many different 2-ketohexoes are present in nature?

Which of the following membrane-bound carbohydrates is found in the O antigens of type O blood?

Approximately what percentage of plant starch is amylopectin?

Which of the following disaccharides gives fructose on hydrolysis?

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

Under which of the following conditions can monosaccharides be oxidized to uronic acids?

Which of the following is the correct order of polysaccharides based on the number of monosaccharide units?

Examine the given chemical structures. Which of the following chemical structures has a D-configuration?

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of an aldohexose?

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