Question 1

Which of the following is true of the primers used during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are involved in the synthesis of only the lagging daughter strands. 
B)  They are involved in the synthesis of only the leading daughter strands. 
C)  They are involved in the synthesis of both leading and lagging daughter strands. 
D)  None of these, primers are not involved in the synthesis of either daughter strand. 
A)  They are involved in the synthesis of only the lagging daughter strands. 
B)  They are involved in the synthesis of only the leading daughter strands. 
C)  They are involved in the synthesis of both leading and lagging daughter strands. 
D)  None of these, primers are not involved in the synthesis of either daughter strand. C

Question 2

Identify a function of helicase.

Accepted Answer

A)  It unwinds the double-stranded DNA. 
B)  It helps synthesize short primers. 
C)  It joins the assembled nucleotides. 
D)  It joins Okazaki fragments. 
A)  It unwinds the double-stranded DNA. 
B)  It helps synthesize short primers. 
C)  It joins the assembled nucleotides. 
D)  It joins Okazaki fragments. A

Question 3

Which of the following make up a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  base + sugar 
B)  base + phosphate + ribosomes 
C)  base + phosphate + sugar 
D)  phosphate + sugar 
A)  base + sugar 
B)  base + phosphate + ribosomes 
C)  base + phosphate + sugar 
D)  phosphate + sugar C

Question 4

Examine the given structural formula that consists of an adenine molecule bonded to a five-carbon sugar molecule.   Which of the following describes the components of this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  purine base and deoxyribose 
B)  purine base and ribose 
C)  pyrimidine base and deoxyribose 
D)  pyrimidine base and ribose 
A)  purine base and deoxyribose 
B)  purine base and ribose 
C)  pyrimidine base and deoxyribose 
D)  pyrimidine base and ribose

Question 5

Where is genetic information located in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the chromosomes 
B)  in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  in the plasma membrane 
D)  in the Golgi apparatus 
A)  in the chromosomes 
B)  in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  in the plasma membrane 
D)  in the Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of the leading strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is synthesized along the 3'-to-5' strand. 
B)  It is synthesized along the 5'-to-3' strand. 
C)  It contains fragments that must be joined by ligases. 
D)  It is synthesized discontinuously. 
A)  It is synthesized along the 3'-to-5' strand. 
B)  It is synthesized along the 5'-to-3' strand. 
C)  It contains fragments that must be joined by ligases. 
D)  It is synthesized discontinuously.

Question 7

Identify the components of cytidine.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosine and ribose 
B)  cytosine and one phosphate 
C)  cytosine and three phosphates 
D)  cytosine and deoxyribose 
A)  cytosine and ribose 
B)  cytosine and one phosphate 
C)  cytosine and three phosphates 
D)  cytosine and deoxyribose

Question 8

Approximately how many nucleotides are present in the Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  200 
C)  2000 
D)  20,000 
A)  20 
B)  200 
C)  2000 
D)  20,000

Question 9

From which of the following molecules are primers used for DNA replication synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
B)  ribonucleoside triphosphates 
C)  free purine bases 
D)  free pyrimidine bases 
A)  deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
B)  ribonucleoside triphosphates 
C)  free purine bases 
D)  free pyrimidine bases

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of human DNA codes for proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  3% 
B)  50% 
C)  75% 
D)  97% 
A)  3% 
B)  50% 
C)  75% 
D)  97%

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of splicing?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the transportation of amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. 
B)  It is the removal of introns and the joining of exons in mRNA after transcription. 
C)  It is the formation of proteins with the help of ribosomes. 
D)  It is the conversion of chromosomes into chromatin. 
A)  It is the transportation of amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. 
B)  It is the removal of introns and the joining of exons in mRNA after transcription. 
C)  It is the formation of proteins with the help of ribosomes. 
D)  It is the conversion of chromosomes into chromatin.

Question 12

Which of the following conventions is used to specify the sequence of bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sequence begins with the nucleotide that has a free 3' terminus. 
B)  The sequence begins with the nucleotide that has a free 5' terminus. 
C)  The sequence begins from the end closest to the first adenine. 
D)  The sequence begins from the end closest to the first thymine. 
A)  The sequence begins with the nucleotide that has a free 3' terminus. 
B)  The sequence begins with the nucleotide that has a free 5' terminus. 
C)  The sequence begins from the end closest to the first adenine. 
D)  The sequence begins from the end closest to the first thymine.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of Chargaff's rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are two hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine. 
B)  There are two hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine. 
C)  There are three hydrogen bonds between adenine and cytosine. 
D)  There are three hydrogen bonds between guanine and thymine. 
A)  There are two hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine. 
B)  There are two hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine. 
C)  There are three hydrogen bonds between adenine and cytosine. 
D)  There are three hydrogen bonds between guanine and thymine.

Question 14

Which of the following best characterizes the function of introns?

Accepted Answer

A)  They always serve as enzymes during gene mutation. 
B)  They serve as spacers only in prokaryotic cells. 
C)  They frequently function as spacers and rarely function as splicing enzymes. 
D)  They always code for proteins and are never spliced by ribozymes. 
A)  They always serve as enzymes during gene mutation. 
B)  They serve as spacers only in prokaryotic cells. 
C)  They frequently function as spacers and rarely function as splicing enzymes. 
D)  They always code for proteins and are never spliced by ribozymes.

Question 15

Identify the complementary base sequence of the following DNA strand: 5' ATCAGC 3'.

Accepted Answer

A)  5' TAGTCG 3' 
B)  5' CGACTA 3' 
C)  3' TAGTCG 5' 
D)  3' CGACTA 5' 
A)  5' TAGTCG 3' 
B)  5' CGACTA 3' 
C)  3' TAGTCG 5' 
D)  3' CGACTA 5'

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is of a fixed size containing 750 nucleotides. 
B)  It is of a fixed size containing 75 nucleotides. 
C)  It is of a variable size, with an average of about 750 nucleotides. 
D)  It is of a variable size, with an average of about 75 nucleotides. 
A)  It is of a fixed size containing 750 nucleotides. 
B)  It is of a fixed size containing 75 nucleotides. 
C)  It is of a variable size, with an average of about 750 nucleotides. 
D)  It is of a variable size, with an average of about 75 nucleotides.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of a single gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizing ATP from glucose molecules 
B)  coding for a specific protein or type of RNA 
C)  synthesizing ATP from glucose molecules and coding for a specific protein or type of RNA 
D)  none of these 
A)  synthesizing ATP from glucose molecules 
B)  coding for a specific protein or type of RNA 
C)  synthesizing ATP from glucose molecules and coding for a specific protein or type of RNA 
D)  none of these

Question 18

Which of the following correctly describes the distribution and function of telomerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found in immortal cells and shortens long telomeres. 
B)  It is found in somatic cells and shortens long telomeres. 
C)  It is found in immortal cells and lengthens shortened telomeres. 
D)  It is found in somatic cells and lengthens shortened telomeres. 
A)  It is found in immortal cells and shortens long telomeres. 
B)  It is found in somatic cells and shortens long telomeres. 
C)  It is found in immortal cells and lengthens shortened telomeres. 
D)  It is found in somatic cells and lengthens shortened telomeres.

Question 19

How many different types of tRNA must an organism have?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  minimum 15 
D)  minimum 20 
A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  minimum 15 
D)  minimum 20

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  to carry genetic information from the cytoplasm to the nucleus 
B)  to carry genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm 
C)  to transport amino acids to the ribosome 
D)  none of these 
A)  to carry genetic information from the cytoplasm to the nucleus 
B)  to carry genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm 
C)  to transport amino acids to the ribosome 
D)  none of these

Exam 24: Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Which of the following is true of the primers used during DNA replication?

Identify a function of helicase.

Which of the following make up a nucleotide?

Examine the given structural formula that consists of an adenine molecule bonded to a five-carbon sugar molecule. Which of the following describes the components of this substance?

Where is genetic information located in a cell?

Which of the following statements is true of the leading strand?

Identify the components of cytidine.

Approximately how many nucleotides are present in the Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes?

From which of the following molecules are primers used for DNA replication synthesized?

Approximately what percentage of human DNA codes for proteins?

Which of the following statements is true of splicing?

Which of the following conventions is used to specify the sequence of bases in DNA?

Which of the following statements is true of Chargaff's rule?

Which of the following best characterizes the function of introns?

Identify the complementary base sequence of the following DNA strand: 5' ATCAGC 3'.

Which of the following statements is true of mRNA?

Which of the following is a function of a single gene?

Which of the following correctly describes the distribution and function of telomerase?

How many different types of tRNA must an organism have?

Which of the following is a function of mRNA?

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