Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of galactosemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an acquired disorder. 
B)  It occurs because of the inability of the body to metabolize galactose. 
C)  It does not have any treatment. 
D)  It involves the conversion of galactose to glucose. 
A)  It is an acquired disorder. 
B)  It occurs because of the inability of the body to metabolize galactose. 
C)  It does not have any treatment. 
D)  It involves the conversion of galactose to glucose.

Question 2

RNA and DNA have ribose and deoxyribose sugars, respectively. How are these two sugars different from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 1. 
B)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 2. 
C)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 3. 
D)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 4. 
A)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 1. 
B)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 2. 
C)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 3. 
D)  Unlike ribose, deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl group at carbon 4.

Question 3

Which carbon atom of a pentose sugar determines whether it has a D or an L configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 1 
B)  carbon 3 
C)  carbon 4 
D)  carbon 5 
A)  carbon 1 
B)  carbon 3 
C)  carbon 4 
D)  carbon 5

Question 4

Examine the given chemical structures.         Which of the following chemical structures is a ketohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  None of these is a ketohexose. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  None of these is a ketohexose.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates do not undergo hydrolysis reactions. 
B)  The hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyaldehydes. 
C)  The hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyketones. 
D)  The hydrolysis of carbohydrates can yield both polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones. 
A)  Carbohydrates do not undergo hydrolysis reactions. 
B)  The hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyaldehydes. 
C)  The hydrolysis of carbohydrates can only yield polyhydroxyketones. 
D)  The hydrolysis of carbohydrates can yield both polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones.

Question 6

Which of the following enzymes is used to test blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxidase 
B)  glucose oxidase 
C)  glucokinase 
D)  glucose synthase 
A)  peroxidase 
B)  glucose oxidase 
C)  glucokinase 
D)  glucose synthase

Question 7

Which of the following is an effect of galactosemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  weight loss 
B)  frequent urination 
C)  mental retardation 
D)  excessive thirst 
A)  weight loss 
B)  frequent urination 
C)  mental retardation 
D)  excessive thirst

Question 8

How are the hydroxyl groups oriented in a β-D-glucopyranose ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the hydroxyl groups are present above the plane of the ring. 
B)  All the hydroxyl groups are present below the plane of the ring. 
C)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present above the plane of the ring. 
D)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present below the plane of the ring. 
A)  All the hydroxyl groups are present above the plane of the ring. 
B)  All the hydroxyl groups are present below the plane of the ring. 
C)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present above the plane of the ring. 
D)  The hydroxyl at carbon 1 is present below the plane of the ring.

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyaluronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  It consists of sulfonated polysaccharide chains. 
B)  It consists of only D-glucuronic acid. 
C)  It consists of only N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. 
D)  It consists of both D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. 
A)  It consists of sulfonated polysaccharide chains. 
B)  It consists of only D-glucuronic acid. 
C)  It consists of only N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. 
D)  It consists of both D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of dextrose?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the most common aldohexose in the human body. 
B)  It is the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate. 
C)  It is an important constituent of membranes in the nervous system. 
D)  It is stored as protein when consumed in excess. 
A)  It is the most common aldohexose in the human body. 
B)  It is the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate. 
C)  It is an important constituent of membranes in the nervous system. 
D)  It is stored as protein when consumed in excess.

Question 11

Identify a D-2-ketopentose from among the following compounds.

Accepted Answer

A)  D-erythrulose 
B)  D-psicose 
C)  D-ribulose 
D)  D-fructose 
A)  D-erythrulose 
B)  D-psicose 
C)  D-ribulose 
D)  D-fructose

Question 12

Examine the given chemical structure.   What is the number assigned to the penultimate carbon in this structure? ​

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 13

Which of the following monosaccharides is obtained by the complete hydrolysis of starch?

Accepted Answer

A)  D-glucose 
B)  D-fructose 
C)  D-galactose 
D)  D-psicose 
A)  D-glucose 
B)  D-fructose 
C)  D-galactose 
D)  D-psicose

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true of amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a straight chain of as many as 4,000 D-glucose units that are linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. 
B)  It has a straight chain of as many as 4,000 D-glucose units that are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. 
C)  It has a branched structure with as many as 10,000 D-glucose units linked linearly by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and multiple branches of 24 to 30 units linked at branch points by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 
D)  It has a branched structure with as many as 10,000 D-glucose units linked linearly by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds and multiple branches of 24 to 30 units linked at branch points by β-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 
A)  It has a straight chain of as many as 4,000 D-glucose units that are linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. 
B)  It has a straight chain of as many as 4,000 D-glucose units that are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. 
C)  It has a branched structure with as many as 10,000 D-glucose units linked linearly by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and multiple branches of 24 to 30 units linked at branch points by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. 
D)  It has a branched structure with as many as 10,000 D-glucose units linked linearly by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds and multiple branches of 24 to 30 units linked at branch points by β-1,6-glycosidic bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following polysaccharides has β-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  cellulose 
D)  all of these 
A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  cellulose 
D)  all of these

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of the α and β anomers of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the α and β anomers of glucose have a specific rotation of +112° in an aqueous solvent. 
B)  The equilibrium mixture of glucose consists of 64% of the β anomer and 36% of the α anomer. 
C)  Both of these statements are correct. 
D)  Neither of these statements is correct. 
A)  Both the α and β anomers of glucose have a specific rotation of +112° in an aqueous solvent. 
B)  The equilibrium mixture of glucose consists of 64% of the β anomer and 36% of the α anomer. 
C)  Both of these statements are correct. 
D)  Neither of these statements is correct.

Question 17

Which of the following compounds is a triose?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  acetone 
D)  dihydroxyacetone 
A)  glucose 
B)  fructose 
C)  acetone 
D)  dihydroxyacetone

Question 18

Identify the linkage between D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in hyaluronic acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  an α-1,3-glycosidic bond 
B)  an α-1,4-glycosidic bond 
C)  a β-1,3-glycosidic bond 
D)  a β-1,4-glycosidic bond 
A)  an α-1,3-glycosidic bond 
B)  an α-1,4-glycosidic bond 
C)  a β-1,3-glycosidic bond 
D)  a β-1,4-glycosidic bond

Question 19

Which of the following cyclic structures do the ring forms of monosaccharides consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetals 
B)  hemiacetals 
C)  ethers 
D)  esters 
A)  acetals 
B)  hemiacetals 
C)  ethers 
D)  esters

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of heparin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an oligosaccharide. 
B)  It has a molecular weight between 1,000 and 2,000 g/mol. 
C)  It is a basic polysaccharide. 
D)  It shows anticoagulant activity. 
A)  It is an oligosaccharide. 
B)  It has a molecular weight between 1,000 and 2,000 g/mol. 
C)  It is a basic polysaccharide. 
D)  It shows anticoagulant activity.

Exam 19: Carbohydrates

Which of the following statements is true of galactosemia?

RNA and DNA have ribose and deoxyribose sugars, respectively. How are these two sugars different from each other?

Which carbon atom of a pentose sugar determines whether it has a D or an L configuration?

Examine the given chemical structures. Which of the following chemical structures is a ketohexose?

Which of the following statements is true of the hydrolysis of carbohydrates?

Which of the following enzymes is used to test blood glucose levels?

Which of the following is an effect of galactosemia?

How are the hydroxyl groups oriented in a β-D-glucopyranose ring?

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyaluronic acid?

Which of the following statements is true of dextrose?

Identify a D-2-ketopentose from among the following compounds.

Examine the given chemical structure. What is the number assigned to the penultimate carbon in this structure? ​

Which of the following monosaccharides is obtained by the complete hydrolysis of starch?

Which of the following statements is true of amylopectin?

Which of the following polysaccharides has β-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

Which of the following statements is true of the α and β anomers of glucose?

Which of the following compounds is a triose?

Identify the linkage between D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in hyaluronic acid.

Which of the following cyclic structures do the ring forms of monosaccharides consist of?

Which of the following statements is true of heparin?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atoms

Chemical Bonds

Chemical Reactions

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions and Colloids

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Alkanes

Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols

Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes

Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy

Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

Biosynthetic Pathways

Nutrition

Immunochemistry

Body Fluids

Filters

Examine the given chemical structure. What is the number assigned to the penultimate carbon in this structure?