Question 1

Which of the following T cells interact with antigens bound to MHC I molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells 
B)  killer T cells 
C)  both helper and killer T cells 
D)  neither helper T cells nor killer T cells 
A)  helper T cells 
B)  killer T cells 
C)  both helper and killer T cells 
D)  neither helper T cells nor killer T cells

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of adhesion molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are covalently bound to the T-cell receptor. 
B)  They help an antigen to bind to the T-cell receptor. 
C)  Both of these statements are true. 
D)  Neither of these statements is true. 
A)  They are covalently bound to the T-cell receptor. 
B)  They help an antigen to bind to the T-cell receptor. 
C)  Both of these statements are true. 
D)  Neither of these statements is true.

Question 3

Which of the following refers to a foreign-body substance that triggers an immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  an antibody 
B)  an antigen 
C)  a lymphocyte 
D)  a macrophage 
A)  an antibody 
B)  an antigen 
C)  a lymphocyte 
D)  a macrophage

Question 4

Which of the following are components of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  Antibodies 
D)  Macrophages 
A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  Antibodies 
D)  Macrophages

Question 5

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple sclerosis 
B)  Myasthenia gravis 
C)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
D)  None, they are all autoimmune diseases. 
A)  Multiple sclerosis 
B)  Myasthenia gravis 
C)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
D)  None, they are all autoimmune diseases.

Question 6

Which of the following cells stimulate the secretion of cytokines?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  T cells 
D)  Dendritic cells 
A)  B cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  T cells 
D)  Dendritic cells

Question 7

The given sketch depicts a virus in a weakened state. Which of the following sketches represents the safest type of vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)  All of these would pose the same degree of risk. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)  All of these would pose the same degree of risk.

Question 8

Which of the following is responsible for the rapid mutation of HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  the functioning of protease enzymes 
B)  the replication inaccuracy of reverse transcriptase 
C)  both of these 
D)  neither of these 
A)  the functioning of protease enzymes 
B)  the replication inaccuracy of reverse transcriptase 
C)  both of these 
D)  neither of these

Question 9

How does a dendritic cell respond to a virus that is injected in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  It engulfs and ingests the injected virus. 
B)  It stimulates the released cytokines to suppress viral infection. 
C)  It migrates to the lymph nodes for maturation. 
D)  It stimulates the maturation of T cells into helper and killer T cells. 
E)  All of these are the potential response of a dendritic cell against the injected virus. 
A)  It engulfs and ingests the injected virus. 
B)  It stimulates the released cytokines to suppress viral infection. 
C)  It migrates to the lymph nodes for maturation. 
D)  It stimulates the maturation of T cells into helper and killer T cells. 
E)  All of these are the potential response of a dendritic cell against the injected virus.

Question 10

Identify the enzyme produced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae that degrades the antibiotic penicillin.

Accepted Answer

A)  β-lactamase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  neuraminidase 
D)  thiol reductase 
A)  β-lactamase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  neuraminidase 
D)  thiol reductase

Question 11

Which of the following components of HIV changes its shape after it binds to the CD4 receptor of a T cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  gp41 
B)  gp120 
C)  p17 
D)  p24 
A)  gp41 
B)  gp120 
C)  p17 
D)  p24

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is used by macrophages to kill pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO 
B)  NO2 
C)  N2O 
D)  None of these 
A)  NO 
B)  NO2 
C)  N2O 
D)  None of these

Question 13

Which of the following proteins is present in high levels in breast cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor necrosis factor 
B)  platelet-derived growth factor 
C)  human epidermal growth factor 2 
D)  vascular endothelial growth factor 1 
A)  tumor necrosis factor 
B)  platelet-derived growth factor 
C)  human epidermal growth factor 2 
D)  vascular endothelial growth factor 1

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of drugs that are designed to inhibit growth factor receptors on tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They stimulate the binding of growth factors to their respective receptors. 
B)  They promote the dimerization of two growth factor receptors. 
C)  They block tyrosine kinase activity in tumor cells. 
D)  They prevent the delivery of metabolic toxins to tumor cells. 
A)  They stimulate the binding of growth factors to their respective receptors. 
B)  They promote the dimerization of two growth factor receptors. 
C)  They block tyrosine kinase activity in tumor cells. 
D)  They prevent the delivery of metabolic toxins to tumor cells.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the effort to find a vaccine against HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impossible to develop a vaccine against HIV owing to its ability to undergo slow mutation. 
B)  There has been considerable research, but no clinical trials have been conducted. 
C)  There have been several clinical trials, but all were declared failures. 
D)  It has already been developed using HIV-specific antibodies. 
A)  It is impossible to develop a vaccine against HIV owing to its ability to undergo slow mutation. 
B)  There has been considerable research, but no clinical trials have been conducted. 
C)  There have been several clinical trials, but all were declared failures. 
D)  It has already been developed using HIV-specific antibodies.

Question 16

Which of the following cells interact with dendritic cells that present antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages 
B)  TH cells 
C)  Both macrophages and TH cells 
D)  Neither macrophages nor TH cells 
A)  Macrophages 
B)  TH cells 
C)  Both macrophages and TH cells 
D)  Neither macrophages nor TH cells

Question 17

To which class of cells do lymphocytes belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendritic cells 
B)  stem cells 
C)  red blood cells 
D)  white blood cells 
A)  dendritic cells 
B)  stem cells 
C)  red blood cells 
D)  white blood cells

Question 18

Which compounds are recognized by the activating receptors of macrophages as foreign antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria 
B)  the peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria 
C)  the lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria and the peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria 
D)  none of these 
A)  the lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria 
B)  the peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria 
C)  the lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria and the peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria 
D)  none of these

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  An organism is born with its full complement of antibodies. 
B)  A new antibody can appear whenever it is needed. 
C)  The basis of antibody diversity is the genetic blueprint of an organism. 
D)  None of these statements are true. 
A)  An organism is born with its full complement of antibodies. 
B)  A new antibody can appear whenever it is needed. 
C)  The basis of antibody diversity is the genetic blueprint of an organism. 
D)  None of these statements are true.

Question 20

What is a possible outcome of V(J)D gene mutations in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  the permanent failure of the body's immune system 
B)  a small decrease in the binding affinity of an antigen to an antibody 
C)  a small increase in the binding affinity of an antigen to an antibody 
D)  a significant increase in the binding affinity of an antigen to an antibody 
A)  the permanent failure of the body's immune system 
B)  a small decrease in the binding affinity of an antigen to an antibody 
C)  a small increase in the binding affinity of an antigen to an antibody 
D)  a significant increase in the binding affinity of an antigen to an antibody

Exam 30: Immunochemistry

Which of the following T cells interact with antigens bound to MHC I molecules?

Which of the following statements is true of adhesion molecules?

Which of the following refers to a foreign-body substance that triggers an immune response?

Which of the following are components of innate immunity?

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Which of the following cells stimulate the secretion of cytokines?

The given sketch depicts a virus in a weakened state. Which of the following sketches represents the safest type of vaccines?

Which of the following is responsible for the rapid mutation of HIV?

How does a dendritic cell respond to a virus that is injected in the body?

Identify the enzyme produced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae that degrades the antibiotic penicillin.

Which of the following components of HIV changes its shape after it binds to the CD4 receptor of a T cell?

Which of the following molecules is used by macrophages to kill pathogens?

Which of the following proteins is present in high levels in breast cancer patients?

Which of the following is a function of drugs that are designed to inhibit growth factor receptors on tumor cells?

Which of the following statements best describes the effort to find a vaccine against HIV?

Which of the following cells interact with dendritic cells that present antigens?

To which class of cells do lymphocytes belong?

Which compounds are recognized by the activating receptors of macrophages as foreign antigens?

Which of the following statements is true of antibodies?

What is a possible outcome of V(J)D gene mutations in somatic cells?

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