Question 1

Mean free path: What is the mean free path of a gas of randomly-moving hard spheres of radius 2.00 × 10-9 m when the density of spheres is 3.00 × 1019 per cubic meter?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.17 × 10-4 m 
B)  4.00 × 10-9 m 
C)  9.76 × 10-5 m 
D)  1.88 × 10-3 m 
E)  4.69 × 10-4 m 
A)  1.17 × 10-4 m 
B)  4.00 × 10-9 m 
C)  9.76 × 10-5 m 
D)  1.88 × 10-3 m 
E)  4.69 × 10-4 m

Question 2

Phase changes: A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of 3.5 × 104 J/kg. The boiling point is 150°C and the heat of vaporization is 7.0 × 104 J/kg at a pressure of 1.0 atm. The specific heats for the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are 600 J/(kg ∙ K), 1000 J/(kg ∙ K), and 400 J/(kg ∙ K), respectively. The quantity of heat given up by 0.50 kg of the substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 88°C, at a pressure of 1.0 atmosphere, is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  70 kJ. 
B)  14 kJ. 
C)  21 kJ. 
D)  30 kJ. 
E)  44 kJ. 
A)  70 kJ. 
B)  14 kJ. 
C)  21 kJ. 
D)  30 kJ. 
E)  44 kJ.

Question 3

Thermal expansion: You want to insert an aluminum rod, which at 20°C has a radius of 1.000200 cm into a copper tube which has a radius of 1.000100 cm at the same temperature. You decide to put both of them in the refrigerator. At what temperature will the rod just fit if both are cooled to the same temperature? The coefficient of thermal expansion for aluminum is 2.4 × 10-5 K-1, and that of copper is 1.7 × 10-5 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A)  7.8°C 
B)  6.3°C 
C)  9.2°C 
D)  15°C 
E)  5.7°C 
A)  7.8°C 
B)  6.3°C 
C)  9.2°C 
D)  15°C 
E)  5.7°C

Question 4

Molecular speeds: The average molecular kinetic energy of a gas can be determined by knowing

Accepted Answer

A)  only the number of molecules in the gas. 
B)  only the volume of the gas. 
C)  only the pressure of the gas. 
D)  only the temperature of the gas. 
E)  All of the above quantities must be known to determine the average molecular kinetic energy. 
A)  only the number of molecules in the gas. 
B)  only the volume of the gas. 
C)  only the pressure of the gas. 
D)  only the temperature of the gas. 
E)  All of the above quantities must be known to determine the average molecular kinetic energy.

Question 5

Ideal gas law: How many moles of water (H2O) molecules are in a 4.00 m3 container at a pressure 8.00 × 105 N/m2 and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  7.72 × 1026 mol 
B)  641 mol 
C)  441 mol 
D)  3.86 × 1026 mol 
E)  2.65 × 1026 mol 
A)  7.72 × 1026 mol 
B)  641 mol 
C)  441 mol 
D)  3.86 × 1026 mol 
E)  2.65 × 1026 mol

Question 6

Thermal expansion: A brass rod is 40.1 cm long and an aluminum rod is 79.3 cm long when both rods are at an initial temperature of 0°C. The rods are placed in line with a gap of 0.60 cm between them, as shown in the figure. The distance between the far ends of the rods is maintained at 120.0 cm throughout. The temperature of both rods is raised until the two rods are barely in contact. The coefficients of linear expansion of brass and aluminum are 2.0 × 10-5 K-1 and 2.4 × 10-5 K-1, respectively. The temperature at which contact of the rods barely occurs is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  220°C. 
B)  210°C. 
C)  200°C. 
D)  230°C. 
E)  240°C. 
A)  220°C. 
B)  210°C. 
C)  200°C. 
D)  230°C. 
E)  240°C.

Question 7

Quantity of heat: A 648-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove. How much heat. in joules. must it absorb to raise its temperature from   to   (The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ °C, 1 cal = 4.190 J)

Accepted Answer

A)  6740 J 
B)  11,300 J 
C)  1610 J 
D)  16,100 J 
A)  6740 J 
B)  11,300 J 
C)  1610 J 
D)  16,100 J

Question 8

Molecular speeds: A cubic box with sides of 20.0 cm contains 2.00 × 1023 molecules of helium with a root-mean-square speed (thermal speed) of 200 m/s. The mass of a helium molecule is 3.40 × 10-27 kg. What is the average pressure exerted by the molecules on the walls of the container? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  3.39 kPa 
B)  1.13 kPa 
C)  570 Pa 
D)  2.26 kPa 
E)  9.10 Pa 
A)  3.39 kPa 
B)  1.13 kPa 
C)  570 Pa 
D)  2.26 kPa 
E)  9.10 Pa

Question 9

Mean free path: What is the mean free path for the molecules in an ideal gas when the pressure is 100 kPa and the temperature is 300 K given that the collision cross-section for the molecules of that gas is 2.0 × 10-20 m2? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K, Avogadro's number is 6.02 × 1023 molecules/mole, and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.1 × 10-6 m 
B)  2.1 × 10-6 m 
C)  1.7 × 10-6 m 
D)  5.3 × 10-6 m 
E)  1.5 × 10-6 m 
A)  1.1 × 10-6 m 
B)  2.1 × 10-6 m 
C)  1.7 × 10-6 m 
D)  5.3 × 10-6 m 
E)  1.5 × 10-6 m

Question 10

Radiation: A spherical object 25.0 cm in diameter having an emissivity of 0.800 is held at a temperature of 275°C by an internal heater. This object is embedded in a very large vat of water at 100.0°C and atmospheric pressure. At what maximum rate (in g/min) is the water evaporating in the vat due to the radiated heat it receives from the object? You can ignore any heat radiated by the water. The latent heat of fusion for water is 33,400 J/kg, its latent heat of vaporization is 2.26 × 106 J/kg, and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.670 × 10-8 W/m2 · K4.

Accepted Answer

Question 11

Molecular speeds: The root-mean-square speed (thermal speed) of the molecules of a gas is 200 m/s at 23.0°C. At 227°C the root-mean-square speed (thermal speed) of the molecules will be closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  160 m/s 
B)  330 m/s 
C)  260 m/s 
D)  630 m/s 
E)  2000 m/s 
A)  160 m/s 
B)  330 m/s 
C)  260 m/s 
D)  630 m/s 
E)  2000 m/s

Question 12

Calorimetry: Two experimental runs are performed to determine the calorimetric properties of an alcohol that has a melting point of -10°C. In the first run, a 200-g cube of frozen alcohol, at the melting point, is added to 300 g of water at 20°C in a styrofoam container. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the alcohol-water solution is at a temperature of 5.0°C. In the second run, an identical cube of alcohol is added to 500 g of water at 20°C and the temperature at thermal equilibrium is 10°C. The specific heat of water is 4190 J/kg · K. Assume that no heat is exchanged with the styrofoam container and with the surroundings. The heat of fusion of the alcohol is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  5.5 × 104 J/kg. 
B)  6.3 × 104 J/kg. 
C)  7.1 × 104 J/kg. 
D)  7.9 × 104 J/kg. 
E)  8.7 × 104 J/kg. 
A)  5.5 × 104 J/kg. 
B)  6.3 × 104 J/kg. 
C)  7.1 × 104 J/kg. 
D)  7.9 × 104 J/kg. 
E)  8.7 × 104 J/kg.

Question 13

Ideal gas law: A sealed 26-   tank is filled with 2000 moles of oxygen gas (O2) at an initial temperature of 270 K. The gas is heated to a final temperature of 460 K. The ATOMIC mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol, and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K. The final pressure of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  0.29 MPa. 
B)  0.31 MPa. 
C)  0.33 MPa. 
D)  0.34 MPa. 
E)  0.36 MPa. 
A)  0.29 MPa. 
B)  0.31 MPa. 
C)  0.33 MPa. 
D)  0.34 MPa. 
E)  0.36 MPa.

Question 14

Molecular speeds: At 50.0°C, the average translational kinetic energy of a gas molecule is K. If the temperature is now increased to 100.0°C, the average translational kinetic energy of a molecule will be closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  1.07K. 
B)  1.15K. 
C)  1.41K. 
D)  2.00K. 
E)  4.00K. 
A)  1.07K. 
B)  1.15K. 
C)  1.41K. 
D)  2.00K. 
E)  4.00K.

Question 15

Ideal gas law: A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of nitrogen (N2) gas, at a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres and a temperature of 290 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K. The mass density of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  0.90 kg/m3. 
B)  1.3 kg/m3. 
C)  1.8 kg/m3. 
D)  2.2 kg/m3. 
E)  2.6 kg/m3. 
A)  0.90 kg/m3. 
B)  1.3 kg/m3. 
C)  1.8 kg/m3. 
D)  2.2 kg/m3. 
E)  2.6 kg/m3.

Question 16

Ideal gas law: For a fixed amount of gas, if the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled, what happens to the pressure of the gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  The answer cannot be determined without volume information. 
B)  The pressure of the gas becomes double the original pressure. 
C)  The pressure of the gas becomes eight times the original pressure. 
D)  The pressure of the gas becomes one half the original pressure. 
E)  The pressure of the gas becomes four times the original pressure. 
A)  The answer cannot be determined without volume information. 
B)  The pressure of the gas becomes double the original pressure. 
C)  The pressure of the gas becomes eight times the original pressure. 
D)  The pressure of the gas becomes one half the original pressure. 
E)  The pressure of the gas becomes four times the original pressure.

Question 17

Thermal expansion: If the temperature of an iron sphere is increased,

Accepted Answer

A)  its density will increase. 
B)  its volume will decrease. 
C)  its density will decrease. 
D)  its mass will decrease. 
E)  its density will remain unchanged. 
A)  its density will increase. 
B)  its volume will decrease. 
C)  its density will decrease. 
D)  its mass will decrease. 
E)  its density will remain unchanged.

Question 18

Conduction of heat: A heat conducting rod, 0.90 m long, is made of an aluminum section that is 0.10 m long, and a copper section that is   long. Both sections have cross-sectional areas of   The aluminum end is maintained at a temperature of   and the copper end is at   . The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 205 W/m ∙ K and of copper is 385 W/m ∙ K. Steady state has been reached, and no heat is lost through the well-insulated sides of the rod. The temperature of the aluminum-copper junction in the rod is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  61°C. 
B)  58°C. 
C)  56°C. 
D)  54°C. 
E)  52°C. 
A)  61°C. 
B)  58°C. 
C)  56°C. 
D)  54°C. 
E)  52°C.

Question 19

Ideal gas law: A fixed amount of ideal gas is held in a rigid container that expands negligibly when heated. At 20°C the gas pressure is p. If we add enough heat to increase the temperature from 20°C to 40°C, the pressure will be

Accepted Answer

A)  impossible to determine since we do not know the number of moles of gas in the container. 
B)  greater than 2p. 
C)  less than 2p. 
D)  equal to 2p. 
E)  impossible to determine since we do not know the volume of gas in the container. 
A)  impossible to determine since we do not know the number of moles of gas in the container. 
B)  greater than 2p. 
C)  less than 2p. 
D)  equal to 2p. 
E)  impossible to determine since we do not know the volume of gas in the container.

Question 20

Thermal expansion: 1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6/°C. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.600 L 
B)  1.326 L 
C)  1.013 L 
D)  0.9870 L 
E)  0.9987 L 
A)  1.600 L 
B)  1.326 L 
C)  1.013 L 
D)  0.9870 L 
E)  0.9987 L

Exam 16: Sound and Hearing

Mean free path: What is the mean free path of a gas of randomly-moving hard spheres of radius 2.00 × 10-9 m when the density of spheres is 3.00 × 1019 per cubic meter?

Molecular speeds: The average molecular kinetic energy of a gas can be determined by knowing

Ideal gas law: How many moles of water (H2O) molecules are in a 4.00 m3 container at a pressure 8.00 × 105 N/m2 and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Quantity of heat: A 648-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove. How much heat. in joules. must it absorb to raise its temperature from to (The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ °C, 1 cal = 4.190 J)

Molecular speeds: The root-mean-square speed (thermal speed) of the molecules of a gas is 200 m/s at 23.0°C. At 227°C the root-mean-square speed (thermal speed) of the molecules will be closest to

Molecular speeds: At 50.0°C, the average translational kinetic energy of a gas molecule is K. If the temperature is now increased to 100.0°C, the average translational kinetic energy of a molecule will be closest to

Ideal gas law: For a fixed amount of gas, if the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled, what happens to the pressure of the gas?

Thermal expansion: If the temperature of an iron sphere is increased,

Ideal gas law: A fixed amount of ideal gas is held in a rigid container that expands negligibly when heated. At 20°C the gas pressure is p. If we add enough heat to increase the temperature from 20°C to 40°C, the pressure will be

Thermal expansion: 1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6/°C. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

Motion Along a Straight Line

Motion in Two or Three Dimensions

Newtons Laws of Motion

Applying Newtons Laws

Work and Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy and Energy Conservation

Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions

Rotation of Rigid Bodies

Dynamics of Rotational Motion

Equilibrium and Elasticity

Fluid Mechanics

Gravitation

Periodic Motion

Mechanical Waves

Temperature and Heat

Thermal Properties of Matter

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Electric Charge and Electric Field

Gausss Law

Electric Potential

Capacitance and Dielectrics

Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force

Direct-Current Circuits

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces

Sources of Magnetic Field

Electromagnetic Induction

Inductance

Alternating Current

Electromagnetic Waves Optics

The Nature and Propagation of Light

Geometric Optics

Interference

Filters

Mean free path: What is the mean free path of a gas of randomly-moving hard spheres of radius 2.00 × 10^-9 m when the density of spheres is 3.00 × 10¹⁹ per cubic meter?

Ideal gas law: How many moles of water (H₂O) molecules are in a 4.00 m³ container at a pressure 8.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Thermal expansion: 1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10^-6/°C. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)