Question 1

Sexual reproduction has never been observed among the fungi that produce the blue-green marbling of blue cheeses. What is true of these fungi and others that do not have a sexual stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are currently classified among the ascomycetes. 
B)  They do not form heterokaryons. 
C)  Their spores are probably produced by mitosis. 
D)  Three of these responses are correct. 
E)  Two of these responses are correct. 
A)  They are currently classified among the ascomycetes. 
B)  They do not form heterokaryons. 
C)  Their spores are probably produced by mitosis. 
D)  Three of these responses are correct. 
E)  Two of these responses are correct.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved. 
B)  They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified. 
C)  They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage. 
D)  They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens. 
E)  They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae. 
A)  They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved. 
B)  They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified. 
C)  They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage. 
D)  They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens. 
E)  They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae.

Question 3

In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently

Accepted Answer

A)  means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. 
B)  results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. 
C)  allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. 
D)  results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells. 
E)  is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic. 
A)  means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. 
B)  results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. 
C)  allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. 
D)  results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells. 
E)  is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic.

Question 4

Recent genetic studies of the structure of microsporidian genomes, as well as the sequences of their tubulin genes and the gene for RNA polymerase II, indicate that microsporidians are closely related to the fungi. Microsporidians lack flagella, centrioles, peroxisomes, and mitochondria (although they do have degenerate mitochondria, called mitosomes). They have the smallest genome of any eukaryote, and it is a genome that changes quickly. The genome is contained within two haploid nuclei. All microsporidians are obligate intracellular parasites. They use a unique organelle called a polar filament to gain access to the cells of their hosts. One species causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. Another parasitizes Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that transmits a fatal form of malaria to humans.
-Given the eukaryotic structures they lack, it should be expected that microsporidians also lack

Accepted Answer

A)  the "9 + 2 pattern" of microtubules. 
B)  chitin. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  nuclei. 
E)  centrosomes. 
A)  the "9 + 2 pattern" of microtubules. 
B)  chitin. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  nuclei. 
E)  centrosomes.

Question 5

For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.
-The chytrid sporangia reside within the amphibian epidermal cells. Consequently, which term(s)apply to Bd?
1)ectosymbionts
2)parasites
3)commensals
4)pathogens
5)endosymbionts

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  2, 3, and 5 
E)  2, 4, and 5 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  2, 3, and 5 
E)  2, 4, and 5

Question 6

What do fungi and arthropods have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both groups are commonly coenocytic. 
B)  The haploid state is dominant in both groups. 
C)  Both groups are predominantly heterotrophs that ingest their food. 
D)  The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin. 
E)  Both groups have cell walls. 
A)  Both groups are commonly coenocytic. 
B)  The haploid state is dominant in both groups. 
C)  Both groups are predominantly heterotrophs that ingest their food. 
D)  The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin. 
E)  Both groups have cell walls.

Question 7

Rose-picker's disease is caused by the yeast, Sporothrix schenkii. The yeast grows on the exteriors of rose-bush thorns. If a human gets pricked by such a thorn, the yeasts can be introduced under the skin. The yeasts then assume a hyphal morphology and grow along the interiors of lymphatic vessels until they reach a lymph node. This often results in the accumulation of pus in the lymph node, which subsequently ulcerates through the skin surface and then drains.
-The answer to which of these questions would be of most assistance to one who is attempting to assign the genus Sporothrix to the correct fungal phylum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do these yeasts perform fermentation while growing on the rose-bush thorns, or do they wait until inside a human host? 
B)  Does S. schenkii rely on animal infection to complete some part of its life cycle, or is the infection merely opportunistic? 
C)  Are the hyphae in lymphatic vessels septate, or are they coenocytic? 
D)  Is S. schenkii best described as a decomposer, parasite, pathogen, or mutualist of humans? 
E)  Being a yeast, does S. schenkii perform the process of budding? 
A)  Do these yeasts perform fermentation while growing on the rose-bush thorns, or do they wait until inside a human host? 
B)  Does S. schenkii rely on animal infection to complete some part of its life cycle, or is the infection merely opportunistic? 
C)  Are the hyphae in lymphatic vessels septate, or are they coenocytic? 
D)  Is S. schenkii best described as a decomposer, parasite, pathogen, or mutualist of humans? 
E)  Being a yeast, does S. schenkii perform the process of budding?

Question 8

The next few questions refer to the following phylogenetic trees.
I.   
II.   .
III.   
IV.   .
-Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister group of the ascomycetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 9

Arrange the following from largest to smallest:
1)ascospore
2)ascocarp
3)ascomycete
4)ascus

Accepted Answer

A)  3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
B)  3 → 2 → 4 → 1 
C)  3 → 4 → 1 → 2 
D)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 
E)  2 → 4 → 1 → 3 
A)  3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
B)  3 → 2 → 4 → 1 
C)  3 → 4 → 1 → 2 
D)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 
E)  2 → 4 → 1 → 3

Exam 31: Fungi

Sexual reproduction has never been observed among the fungi that produce the blue-green marbling of blue cheeses. What is true of these fungi and others that do not have a sexual stage?

Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?

In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently

What do fungi and arthropods have in common?

The next few questions refer to the following phylogenetic trees. I. II. . III. IV. . -Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister group of the ascomycetes?

Arrange the following from largest to smallest: 1)ascospore 2)ascocarp 3)ascomycete 4)ascus

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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