Exam 31: Fungi

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -Assume that all four locations are 0.5 m above the surface. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from left to right, where should one expect to find the highest concentration of free basidiospores in an air sample?

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?

-Both axes of the graph are linear. Thus, the shape of the line plotted on this graph most accurately depicts the

A researcher took water in which a Jl population had been thriving, filtered the water to remove all bacterial cells, and then applied the water to the skins of adult amphibians to see if there would subsequently be a reduced infection rate by Bd when frog skins were inoculated with Bd. For which of the following hypotheses is the procedure described a potential test?

The fact that infection by Bd causes lethargy in many infected amphibians can have what effect on efforts to accurately census the numbers of dead or dying amphibians at a particular time, in a particular habitat?

Please refer to the following information to answer the next few questions. Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete, Neurospora crassa, contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores. -If a single, diploid G₂ nucleus in an ascus contains 400 nanograms (ng)of DNA, then a single ascospore nucleus of this species should contain how much DNA (ng), carried on how many chromosomes?

Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores?

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? 1)cells with a single haploid nucleus 2)heterokaryotic cells 3)dikaryotic cells 4)cells with two diploid nuclei

After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a

The next few questions refer to the following phylogenetic trees. I. II. . III. IV. . -Which tree depicts the closest relationship between zygomycetes and chytrids?

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -At which location is the mycelium currently absorbing the most nutrients per unit surface area, per unit time?

If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that their fungal competitors have been removed?

What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?

Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others?

In which of the following human mycoses should one expect to find a growth pattern most similar to that of the mycelium that produced the fairy ring?

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?

Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and

Unicellular yeasts can be represented as spheres, whereas filamentous hyphae more closely resemble cylinders. As these two geometric figures increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratios change. The following tables demonstrate how this ratio changes, first for spheres, and second for cylinders. For the cylinder, girth (i.e., radius, r) will remain constant, whereas length, L, will increase. Note the formulas below the respective tables. A sphere's change in surface area and volume with increasing radius, r Area of a Sphere = 4r² Volume of a Sphere = 4/3r³ A cylinder's change in surface area and volume with increasing length, L Area of a Cylinder = 2(r²) + 2rL Volume of a Cylinder = r²ᴸ -As a direct result of increasing surface area in both yeasts and filamentous hyphae, which cell structures/materials must also increase? 1)amount of chitin 2)number of nuclei 3)amount of plasma membrane 4)number of mitochondria 5)amount of peptidoglycan

Please refer to the following information to answer the next few questions. Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete, Neurospora crassa, contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores. -Each of the eight ascospores present at the end of mitosis has the same chromosome number and DNA content (ng)as each of the four cells at the end of meiosis. What must have occurred in each spore between the round of meiosis and the round of mitosis?

A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the fungal movement, as described here?