Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

In a mitochondrion, if the matrix ATP concentration is high, and the intermembrane space proton concentration is too low to generate sufficient proton-motive force, then

In vertebrate animals, brown fat tissue's color is due to abundant blood vessels and capillaries. White fat tissue, on the other hand, is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few blood vessels or capillaries. Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that dissipates the proton-motive force across the mitochondrial membranes. Which of the following might be the function of the brown fat tissue?

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is

During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the membranes are agitated further, however, the ability to synthesize ATP is lost. -After the further agitation of the membrane vesicles, what must be lost from the membrane?

Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?

What fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle, if glucose is the sole energy source?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Figure 9.2 The citric acid cycle. -For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see Figure 9.2)?

When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

Which of the following statements describes NAD⁺?

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂)and water?

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the membranes are agitated further, however, the ability to synthesize ATP is lost. -After the first disruption, when electron transfer and ATP synthesis still occur, what must be present?

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ → Lactate + NAD⁺

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by

When an individual is exercising heavily and when the muscle becomes oxygen-deprived, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. What happens to the lactate in skeletal muscle cells?