Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

The similarity of positive reinforcement and positive punishment is that each involves

In order to get her third-grade students to memorize the poem written on the chalkboard, Mrs. Thyberg gives the students stickers for each poem they can recite from memory. After earning five stickers, a student gets to pick a prize out of the goody box. Mrs. Thyberg is using ________ to modify the children's behaviors.

What kind of psychologists would be most interested in latent learning (learning that does not show itself until a later time) or insight learning (learning that shows up in an immediate aha moment)?

Name and discuss the four major kinds of outcomes that function in the process of operant conditioning.

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend, he drinks alcohol, which helps dull his feelings. This best illustrates

Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely true?

In the Pavlov study, the salivation to the tone represents the ________ after conditioning.

Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being

Your friend works in a lab and is paid for each three blood smears analyzed. Your friend is operating on which schedule of reinforcement?

You train your dog, Milo, to salivate at the sound of a bell. Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo. He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings. But the next morning, when you ring the bell, Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while, he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. rat served as the ________ stimulus in his study.

If a child cries to obtain a new toy, the crying acts as a

As a marine biologist, you are trying to teach a dolphin to jump over a bar. At first, you reward the dolphin every time she swims near the bar. Then, you only reward her when she emerges from the water near the bar. Eventually, you reward the dolphin each time she jumps out of the water. Then, you only reward the dolphin when she jumps over the bar. This technique is an example of

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of

What is likely to happen to rats that drink a saccharin solution and are then shocked?

Drivers seldom slow down in construction zones because

Jane's dog will listen to her commands but ignores her sister's commands. Jane's dog would be demonstrating

Organisms seem to learn the spatial layout of their environment by ________, even if they are not reinforced for learning particular paths.

The best way to ensure that your son will continue to clean his room once he has started doing it is to