Question 1

How did the evolution of photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (carbon dioxide)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
B) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (oxygen)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
C) Photosynthesis uses carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. 
D) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (sulfur)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
E) Photosynthesis inhibits glycolysis. 
A) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (carbon dioxide)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
B) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (oxygen)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
C) Photosynthesis uses carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. 
D) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (sulfur)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
E) Photosynthesis inhibits glycolysis.

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action by which the herbicide paraquat kills plants?

Accepted Answer

A) It competes with ferredoxin for electrons from the PSI reaction center. 
B) It interferes with PSI function. 
C) Electrons attached to paraquat are used to reduce oxygen, generating highly reactive oxygen radicals. 
D) It leads to the production of substances that damage the chloroplasts and kill the plant. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) It competes with ferredoxin for electrons from the PSI reaction center. 
B) It interferes with PSI function. 
C) Electrons attached to paraquat are used to reduce oxygen, generating highly reactive oxygen radicals. 
D) It leads to the production of substances that damage the chloroplasts and kill the plant. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 3

How does CO2 fixation differ in C3 and C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

A) C3 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions in the same cells; C4 plants conduct these activities in different cells. 
B) C4 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions in the same cells; C3 plants conduct these activities in different cells. 
C) C3 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions at the same time of day; C4 plants conduct these activities at different times of the day. 
D) C4 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions at the same time of day; C3 plants conduct these activities at different times of the day. 
A) C3 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions in the same cells; C4 plants conduct these activities in different cells. 
B) C4 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions in the same cells; C3 plants conduct these activities in different cells. 
C) C3 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions at the same time of day; C4 plants conduct these activities at different times of the day. 
D) C4 plants fix CO2 and conduct the light-dependent reactions at the same time of day; C3 plants conduct these activities at different times of the day.

Question 4

Which metabolic process below do all eukaryotic green algae and higher plants have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) photosynthesis 
C) transcription 
D) translation 
E) all of these are correct 
A) glycolysis 
B) photosynthesis 
C) transcription 
D) translation 
E) all of these are correct

Question 5

What substance reacts with RuBP by Rubisco to make 2-phosphoglycolate?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) O2 
C) CO2 
D) NADPH 
E) glycolate 
A) ATP 
B) O2 
C) CO2 
D) NADPH 
E) glycolate

Question 6

Photosynthetic light absorption occurs in large pigment-protein complexes called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) pigmentoses 
B) pigmentosystems 
C) antennoids 
D) photoids 
E) photosystems 
A) pigmentoses 
B) pigmentosystems 
C) antennoids 
D) photoids 
E) photosystems

Question 7

Contributions to the proton gradient created through photosynthetic light reactions include: (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) protons generated through splitting water molecules 
B) reduction of plastoquinol by cytochrome b6f 
C) reduction of PQ 
D) oxidation of NADPH 
A) protons generated through splitting water molecules 
B) reduction of plastoquinol by cytochrome b6f 
C) reduction of PQ 
D) oxidation of NADPH

Question 8

What enzyme is the first enzyme in the C4 pathway that carries CO2 into the bundle sheath cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Rubisco 
B) phosphenolpyruvate carboxylase 
C) pyruvate carboxylase 
D) phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase 
E) ATP synthase 
A) Rubisco 
B) phosphenolpyruvate carboxylase 
C) pyruvate carboxylase 
D) phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase 
E) ATP synthase

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a usual component found in the stroma?

Accepted Answer

A) tRNAs 
B) prokaryote-like ribosomes 
C) circular DNA 
D) linear DNA 
E) many different polypeptides 
A) tRNAs 
B) prokaryote-like ribosomes 
C) circular DNA 
D) linear DNA 
E) many different polypeptides

Question 10

A direct advantage of using water as an electron source for photosynthesis is that organisms _________.

Accepted Answer

A) can live in fewer habitats than they could previously 
B) can get larger 
C) are able to live in a much more diverse array of habitats 
D) can be smaller 
E) can be rehydrated more readily 
A) can live in fewer habitats than they could previously 
B) can get larger 
C) are able to live in a much more diverse array of habitats 
D) can be smaller 
E) can be rehydrated more readily

Question 11

Carotenoids ________.

Accepted Answer

A) absorb primarily blue light 
B) absorb primarily green light 
C) reflect orange and red light 
D) reflect yellow light 
E) all of these are correct choices 
A) absorb primarily blue light 
B) absorb primarily green light 
C) reflect orange and red light 
D) reflect yellow light 
E) all of these are correct choices

Question 12

What do sulfur bacteria use as a source of electrons in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen sulfide 
B) water 
C) hydrogen sulfite 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) glucose 
A) hydrogen sulfide 
B) water 
C) hydrogen sulfite 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) glucose

Question 13

What enzyme is responsible for fixing CO2 out of the atmosphere in C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

A) PEP decarboxylase 
B) ATP synthase 
C) PEP carboxylase 
D) Rubisco 
E) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase 
A) PEP decarboxylase 
B) ATP synthase 
C) PEP carboxylase 
D) Rubisco 
E) ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

Question 14

It is much _____ to pull electrons from water than hydrogen sulfide, since the sulfur atom in hydrogen sulfide has a much ______ affinity for its electrons than the oxygen atom in water.

Accepted Answer

A) harder, lower 
B) harder, higher 
C) easier, lower 
D) easier, higher 
E) easier, more moderate 
A) harder, lower 
B) harder, higher 
C) easier, lower 
D) easier, higher 
E) easier, more moderate

Question 15

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700+, the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

Accepted Answer

A) cytochrome b6f 
B) plastocyanin 
C) phytochrome 
D) cytochrome c 
E) oxygen 
A) cytochrome b6f 
B) plastocyanin 
C) phytochrome 
D) cytochrome c 
E) oxygen

Question 16

What is the plant cell's primary source of reducing power?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) ADP 
C) ATP 
D) NAD 
E) NADPH 
A) CO2 
B) ADP 
C) ATP 
D) NAD 
E) NADPH

Question 17

Algal cultures in sealed containers were exposed to radiolabeled [14C] CO2 for a brief incubation period of just a few seconds. Soluble molecules were extracted from the algae and subjected to 2D-paper chromatography. How many carbons are found in molecules from the most predominant spot on the chromatogram?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 1 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 1 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6

Question 18

What anatomical specialization is typical of C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Mesophyll cells in C4 plants are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
B) Bundle sheath cells in C4 plants are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
C) C4 plants have two concentric cylinders of cells around their vascular tissue. 
D) Leaves of C4 plants are coated with extra waxy material. 
E) Rubisco floats free in the air spaces in the leaves of C4 plants. 
A) Mesophyll cells in C4 plants are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
B) Bundle sheath cells in C4 plants are scattered throughout the interior of the leaf. 
C) C4 plants have two concentric cylinders of cells around their vascular tissue. 
D) Leaves of C4 plants are coated with extra waxy material. 
E) Rubisco floats free in the air spaces in the leaves of C4 plants.

Question 19

Why was the number of heterotrophs on primitive Earth likely to have initially been severely restricted?

Accepted Answer

A) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very slowly. 
B) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very quickly. 
C) The early heterotrophs could not reproduce. 
D) The early heterotrophs reproduced too quickly. 
E) Organic molecules spontaneously broke down keeping their amounts low. 
A) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very slowly. 
B) The spontaneous production of organic molecules occurs very quickly. 
C) The early heterotrophs could not reproduce. 
D) The early heterotrophs reproduced too quickly. 
E) Organic molecules spontaneously broke down keeping their amounts low.

Question 20

The damage done to diseased or damaged tissues by the photosensitizing agent aminolevulinic acid (ALA)is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) ALA producing oxygen radicals in tissues 
B) protoporphyrin IX converting into ALA which produces oxygen radicals in tissues 
C) ALA converting into protoporphyrin IX which produces oxygen radicals in tissues 
D) ALA producing high energy electrons which damage tissues at a distance 
A) ALA producing oxygen radicals in tissues 
B) protoporphyrin IX converting into ALA which produces oxygen radicals in tissues 
C) ALA converting into protoporphyrin IX which produces oxygen radicals in tissues 
D) ALA producing high energy electrons which damage tissues at a distance

How did the evolution of photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of aerobic respiration?

What is the mechanism of action by which the herbicide paraquat kills plants?

How does CO₂ fixation differ in C₃ and C₄ plants?

Which metabolic process below do all eukaryotic green algae and higher plants have in common?

What substance reacts with RuBP by Rubisco to make 2-phosphoglycolate?

Photosynthetic light absorption occurs in large pigment-protein complexes called __________.

Contributions to the proton gradient created through photosynthetic light reactions include: (Select all correct choices)

What enzyme is the first enzyme in the C₄ pathway that carries CO₂ into the bundle sheath cells?

Which of the following is NOT a usual component found in the stroma?

A direct advantage of using water as an electron source for photosynthesis is that organisms _________.

Carotenoids ________.

What do sulfur bacteria use as a source of electrons in photosynthesis?

What enzyme is responsible for fixing CO₂ out of the atmosphere in C₄ plants?

It is much _ to pull electrons from water than hydrogen sulfide, since the sulfur atom in hydrogen sulfide has a much __ affinity for its electrons than the oxygen atom in water.

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700⁺, the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

What is the plant cell's primary source of reducing power?

What anatomical specialization is typical of C₄ plants?

Why was the number of heterotrophs on primitive Earth likely to have initially been severely restricted?

The damage done to diseased or damaged tissues by the photosensitizing agent aminolevulinic acid (ALA)is a result of:

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

How did the evolution of photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of aerobic respiration?

What is the mechanism of action by which the herbicide paraquat kills plants?

How does CO2 fixation differ in C3 and C4 plants?

Which metabolic process below do all eukaryotic green algae and higher plants have in common?

What substance reacts with RuBP by Rubisco to make 2-phosphoglycolate?

Photosynthetic light absorption occurs in large pigment-protein complexes called __________.

Contributions to the proton gradient created through photosynthetic light reactions include: (Select all correct choices)

What enzyme is the first enzyme in the C4 pathway that carries CO2 into the bundle sheath cells?

Which of the following is NOT a usual component found in the stroma?

A direct advantage of using water as an electron source for photosynthesis is that organisms _________.

Carotenoids ________.

What do sulfur bacteria use as a source of electrons in photosynthesis?

What enzyme is responsible for fixing CO2 out of the atmosphere in C4 plants?

It is much _____ to pull electrons from water than hydrogen sulfide, since the sulfur atom in hydrogen sulfide has a much ______ affinity for its electrons than the oxygen atom in water.

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700+, the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

What is the plant cell's primary source of reducing power?

What anatomical specialization is typical of C4 plants?

Why was the number of heterotrophs on primitive Earth likely to have initially been severely restricted?

The damage done to diseased or damaged tissues by the photosensitizing agent aminolevulinic acid (ALA)is a result of:

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

How does CO₂ fixation differ in C₃ and C₄ plants?

What enzyme is the first enzyme in the C₄ pathway that carries CO₂ into the bundle sheath cells?

What enzyme is responsible for fixing CO₂ out of the atmosphere in C₄ plants?

It is much _ to pull electrons from water than hydrogen sulfide, since the sulfur atom in hydrogen sulfide has a much __ affinity for its electrons than the oxygen atom in water.

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700⁺, the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

What anatomical specialization is typical of C₄ plants?