Question 1

One of the most disturbing aspects of contemporary U.S. society is the increasing proportion of children who live in poverty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Some people believe that factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed by the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​biological 
B)  ​physiological 
C)  ​sociobiological 
D)  ​sociological 
A)  ​biological 
B)  ​physiological 
C)  ​sociobiological 
D)  ​sociological

Question 3

The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​is a fact. 
B)  ​is not sustained by the evidence. 
C)  ​is sustained by evidence in the court system. 
D)  ​shows that racism is well hidden in the criminal justice system. 
A)  ​is a fact. 
B)  ​is not sustained by the evidence. 
C)  ​is sustained by evidence in the court system. 
D)  ​shows that racism is well hidden in the criminal justice system.

Question 4

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
-Self-report studies​

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior 
B) Inequality of treatment 
C) A difference explained by legitimate factors 
D) Complex concept with changing definitions 
E) Cultural characteristics
F)White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites
G)Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
H)ommitted a crime in their lifetime 
A) Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior 
B) Inequality of treatment 
C) A difference explained by legitimate factors 
D) Complex concept with changing definitions 
E) Cultural characteristics
F)White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites
G)Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
H)ommitted a crime in their lifetime

Question 5

According to the authors, race is very controversial to the extent that it has been recognized as having both political and biological implications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

_________________ such as poverty, single parent families, and unemployment contribute to higher crime rates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________________ such as poverty, single parent families,...

Question 7

The _____________ perception of the race of the offender often differs from the race of those arrested.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ perception of the race of...

Question 8

Referrals to juvenile court for African American males occur more than the rate for whites.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​twice 
B)  ​five times 
C)  ​triple 
D)  ​half 
A)  ​twice 
B)  ​five times 
C)  ​triple 
D)  ​half

Question 9

Drug crimes are the only place we see discriminatory incarceration rates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In terms of culture, the United States is a:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​homogenous society. 
B)  ​melting pot. 
C)  ​disassimilated culture. 
D)  ​mosaic. 
A)  ​homogenous society. 
B)  ​melting pot. 
C)  ​disassimilated culture. 
D)  ​mosaic.

Question 11

The high percentage of young African American men behind bars results in:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​their lack of earning a wage. 
B)  ​their not being able to parent children. 
C)  ​their not being able to support their partners. 
D)  ​all of these. 
A)  ​their lack of earning a wage. 
B)  ​their not being able to parent children. 
C)  ​their not being able to support their partners. 
D)  ​all of these.

Question 12

Racist _____________, it is argued, help produce the higher crime rates among minorities, and then racist fears of minorities help justify treating them more harshly when they are caught.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Racist _____________, it is argued, help produce...

Question 13

Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​reciprocal. 
B)  ​one-sided. 
C)  ​unrecognizable 
D)  ​invisible. 
A)  ​reciprocal. 
B)  ​one-sided. 
C)  ​unrecognizable 
D)  ​invisible.

Question 14

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
-Ethnicity

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior 
B) Inequality of treatment 
C) A difference explained by legitimate factors 
D) Complex concept with changing definitions 
E) Cultural characteristics
F)White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites
G)Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
H)ommitted a crime in their lifetime 
A) Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior 
B) Inequality of treatment 
C) A difference explained by legitimate factors 
D) Complex concept with changing definitions 
E) Cultural characteristics
F)White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites
G)Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
H)ommitted a crime in their lifetime

Question 15

The disparity between ___________ and punishment patterns is key to the claim by some scholars that the criminal justice system is biased against minority groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disparity between ___________ and punishment patterns...

Question 16

Which president signed the Fair Sentencing Act eliminating the mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of crack and powder cocaine?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​President Obama 
B)  ​President Bush 
C)  ​President Reagan 
D)  ​President Clinton 
A)  ​President Obama 
B)  ​President Bush 
C)  ​President Reagan 
D)  ​President Clinton

Question 17

adults have committed a serious offense in their lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Few 
B)  ​Most 
C)  ​About half of 
D)  ​All 
A)  ​Few 
B)  ​Most 
C)  ​About half of 
D)  ​All

Question 18

Recent sociological studies have demonstrated that:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​employers are hesitant to hire young men who have been in prison. 
B)  ​employers are more likely to do a background check on young African American men. 
C)  ​young African American men are barred from many forms of employment. 
D)  ​employers are both hesitant to hire young men who have been in prison and are more likely to do a background check on young African American men. 
A)  ​employers are hesitant to hire young men who have been in prison. 
B)  ​employers are more likely to do a background check on young African American men. 
C)  ​young African American men are barred from many forms of employment. 
D)  ​employers are both hesitant to hire young men who have been in prison and are more likely to do a background check on young African American men.

Question 19

Patterns of disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​start with juveniles. 
B)  ​are a rural phenomenon. 
C)  ​have always existed. 
D)  ​are a relatively new occurrence, 
A)  ​start with juveniles. 
B)  ​are a rural phenomenon. 
C)  ​have always existed. 
D)  ​are a relatively new occurrence,

Question 20

African American youths are more likely to be arrested for all crimes than any other race.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Race Ethnicity and Corrections

One of the most disturbing aspects of contemporary U.S. society is the increasing proportion of children who live in poverty.

Some people believe that factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed by the criminal justice system.

The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature:​

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Self-report studies​

According to the authors, race is very controversial to the extent that it has been recognized as having both political and biological implications.

_________________ such as poverty, single parent families, and unemployment contribute to higher crime rates.

The _____________ perception of the race of the offender often differs from the race of those arrested.

Referrals to juvenile court for African American males occur more than the rate for whites.

Drug crimes are the only place we see discriminatory incarceration rates.

In terms of culture, the United States is a:​

The high percentage of young African American men behind bars results in:​

Racist _____________, it is argued, help produce the higher crime rates among minorities, and then racist fears of minorities help justify treating them more harshly when they are caught.

Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is:​

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Ethnicity

The disparity between ___________ and punishment patterns is key to the claim by some scholars that the criminal justice system is biased against minority groups.

Which president signed the Fair Sentencing Act eliminating the mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of crack and powder cocaine?​

adults have committed a serious offense in their lifetime.

Recent sociological studies have demonstrated that:​

Patterns of disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system:​

African American youths are more likely to be arrested for all crimes than any other race.

The Corrections System

The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

The History of Corrections in America

The Punishment of Offenders

The Law of Corrections

The Correctional Client

Jails: Detention and Short Term Incarceration

Probation

Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections

Incarceration

The Prison Experience

Incarceration of Women

Institutional Management

Institutional Programs

Release from Incarceration

Making It: Supervision in the Community

Corrections for Juveniles

Incarceration Trends

The Death Penalty

Community Justice

American Corrections

Filters

The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature:

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Self-report studies

In terms of culture, the United States is a:

The high percentage of young African American men behind bars results in:

Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is:

Which president signed the Fair Sentencing Act eliminating the mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of crack and powder cocaine?

Recent sociological studies have demonstrated that:

Patterns of disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system: