Exam 8: Probation

Based on your having read the chapter, what is your overall opinion regarding the effectiveness of probation? Where do you see the practice of probation ten years from now-especially its frequency of usage? Based on your response, is this a positive or a negative? Be sure to clearly explain your answer.

Who was the first person to provide bail for defendants under the authority of the Boston Police Court in 1841?

A probation officer faces role conflict every day around:

Those on probation tend to be low-level offenders.

Originating in the court, the first U.S. probation agencies were units of the judicial branches of city and county governments, primarily in the eastern United States.

_______________________ conditions are constraints imposed on the probationer to force him or her to deal with a significant problem or need, such as substance abuse.

increases the effectiveness of correctional treatment by having the probation officer interact with the client while promoting the client's change process.

In many states the defense a copy of the PSI report.

The law enforcer role of probation focuses on surveillance and control of the offender.

Programs that fail to follow the "five principles of effective programs" often make recidivism rates increase.

______________ is the idea that instead of imprisonment, the offender is allowed to live in the community under supervision and must demonstrate a willingness to abide by its laws.

__________________ refers to the process by which private investigative firms contract convicted offenders to conduct comprehensive background checks and suggest to judges creative sentencing options as alternatives to incarceration

The performance-based movement calls for a reshaping of the philosophy of probation with a new emphasis on:

The most common sentencing option used by U.S. judges today is intensive supervised probation.

PSIs disallow victim impact statements describing their emotional and financial losses due to the offender's action.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Recognizance

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Community justice

Depending on the state, probation may be:

The chief conflict for a probation officer's role, which include enforcing the law and helping the offender, is authority and .

Who was John Augustus and how did his efforts change corrections in America? Be sure to identify the innovations and practices originated by his work. Why were these developments so remarkable? How have they shaped corrections over a century later?