Exam 4: Social Perception

Curt Hoffman,Ivy Lau,and David Johnson (1986)provided native English-speakers and Chinese-English bilinguals with descriptions of people who fit either an artistic type or a shi gú type.English-speakers filled in gaps in the descriptions with inferences about the artistic type,but not about the shi gú type.In contrast,bilinguals who read the descriptions in English filled in blanks for the artistic type,but not the shi gú type,and bilinguals who read the descriptions in Chinese filled in the blanks for the shi gú type,but not the artistic type.These results suggest that

From the point of view of Fritz Heider's (1958)"naive" or "common sense" psychology,people are much like _______ in trying to understand others' behaviour.

After watching a television report about people who pay too much for their cars when they are subjected to "high pressure" sales tactics,you conclude that those people are particularly weak and gullible.According to the text,your conclusion is an example of all of the following EXCEPT

One reason that people make the fundamental attribution error is that they

Professor Axelrod is interested in how others interpret the appearance and behaviours of attractive versus unattractive people.Professor Axelrod is most likely to be interested in

Ben's first impression of Juan is that Juan is kind and friendly.Ben decides that Juan must also be smart and compassionate.Ben's assumption is an example of

Even when participants in an experiment,conducted by E.E.Jones and Victor Harris (1967),were told that people were assigned to write an essay sympathetic to Cuba's Fidel Castro,they still were willing to assume that the essay reflected the writer's true "pro-Castro" attitudes.These findings illustrate

A number of researchers have found that participants from Asian cultures are less likely than participants from Western cultures to commit the fundamental attribution error and make self-serving attributions.These findings suggest that

An implicit personality theory is a type of

During the Cold War,American students told that an American ice-breaker had saved a group of trapped whales attributed the crew's behaviour to positive motives.Students told that a Soviet ice-breaker had saved the whales made negative attributions,such as,"they saved the whales so that they could slaughter them and eat them later." According to your text,the motives behind this kind of attributional bias also account for the finding that

_______ refers to a facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion and another part of the face registers a different emotion.

The text presents a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008)that compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or did not match the central character's facial expression.Which group of participants spent more time looking at people in the periphery?

In a study by Lassiter and his colleagues (2007),judges and police officers viewed tapes of interrogations and were asked to evaluate the extent of 'voluntariness' of a confession.The focus of these tapes was varied.In which condition were judges and police officers most likely to show the correspondence bias in their evaluations?

Gagné and colleagues (2008)asked subjects to rate the extent to which a positive evaluation about themselves from an attractive opposite-sex person reflected that person's true opinion.The researchers also varied whether the positive evaluation was constrained (compelled by the researchers)or unconstrained (not influenced by the researchers).Which subjects took account of constraint in making their ratings?

Consider the following headline: "Evil Empire Masses Troops on Border." In which of the following newspapers would you be most likely to encounter such a headline?

According to Kelley's covariation model,when consistency is low,people make

The fundamental attribution error is due in part to

Although Westerners have an expression for a bohemian or artistic type,the Chinese do not.This suggests that

Research by Fincham and colleagues has found that couples who are happy in their marriages make very different attributions for their partners' behaviours than couples who are unhappy.Specifically,couples in happy marriages make ________,while couples in unhappy marriages make ________.

Why do the authors of your text refer to the actor/observer difference as an interesting twist on the fundamental attribution error?