Exam 7: Vitamins: the Organic Regulators

In general, supplements with individual vitamins as well as multivitamin supplements have not been shown to enhance physical performance in a wide variety of events ranging from strength/power sports to prolonged aerobic endurance events.

Vitamin A is also known as alpha-tocopherol, and the RDA is given in alpha-tocopherol equivalents (RE). The RDA is 1,000 alpha-tocopherol equivalents.

The B vitamins play major roles in:

Pantothenic acid is involved in gluconeogenesis and has an important function at the center of energy pathways; thus, deficiencies could decrease the availability of acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle.

Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin A?

In order for vitamin D to function effectively in the body, the hormone form, which is produced by the liver and kidney, must be converted by sunlight to the active vitamin form. This vitamin form then works in conjunction with parathormone to help regulate calcium metabolism.

Which of the following vitamins is associated with proper visual function and skin maintenance?

Xerophthalmia is associated with a deficiency of

A deficiency of several B vitamins, collectively, would negatively affect physical performance.

Thiamine is a water soluble vitamin and

What do superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase have in common?

A diet of less than 15 mg/day of this nutrient may cause disruption in red blood cells.

Because vitamin A is fat soluble:

Vitamin E is also known as retinol. The major role of vitamin E in the body is to help promote cell differentiation, particularly of the epithelial cells. A severe case of vitamin E deficiency may lead to xerophthalmia, a destruction of the cornea of the eye.

Biotin serves as a coenzyme for several enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids.

Loss of night vision is one of the first symptoms of vitamin E deficiency.

Most of the B vitamins function in human metabolism as

Excessive intake of this water-soluble vitamin may impair liver function.

Which of the following is true of the vitamin known as niacin?

Vitamins often work in conjunction with minerals; such is the case with vitamin E and selenium.