Question 1

The chemical __________ enters the mitochondria to continue respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) 
B) oxaloacetate 
C) phosphoglycerate (PG
A)  
D) pyruvate 
E) citrate 
A) phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) 
B) oxaloacetate 
C) phosphoglycerate (PG
A)  
D) pyruvate 
E) citrate

Question 2

Which of the following serves as a terminal electron acceptor in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate 
B) acetyl-CoA 
C) hydrogen ions 
D) electrons 
E) oxygen 
A) pyruvate 
B) acetyl-CoA 
C) hydrogen ions 
D) electrons 
E) oxygen

Question 3

Plant cells are capable of

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) ATP production. 
C) glucose breakdown. 
D) aerobic respiration. 
E) all of these. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) ATP production. 
C) glucose breakdown. 
D) aerobic respiration. 
E) all of these.

Question 4

How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 36 
E) 38 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 36 
E) 38

Question 5

Which of the following features is characteristic of all life?

Accepted Answer

A) organization of molecules into cells 
B) metabolic control using enzymes 
C) a continuous flow of sustaining energy 
D) DNA with its hereditary code 
E) all of these 
A) organization of molecules into cells 
B) metabolic control using enzymes 
C) a continuous flow of sustaining energy 
D) DNA with its hereditary code 
E) all of these

Question 6

Cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

A) evolved to enable living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose. 
B) occurs only in animal cells because plants carry on photosynthesis. 
C) utilizes fat as its primary energy source. 
D) occurs at the same rate throughout all cells of the body. 
E) is the only cellular mechanism that yields ATP. 
A) evolved to enable living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose. 
B) occurs only in animal cells because plants carry on photosynthesis. 
C) utilizes fat as its primary energy source. 
D) occurs at the same rate throughout all cells of the body. 
E) is the only cellular mechanism that yields ATP.

Question 7

In the breakdown of glucose, a phosphorylated six-carbon compound is split into two three-carbon compounds, which are named

Accepted Answer

A) PGAL. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) acetyl-CoA. 
D) lactate. 
E) acetaldehyde. 
A) PGAL. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) acetyl-CoA. 
D) lactate. 
E) acetaldehyde.

Question 8

Each NADH produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis yields how many molecules of ATP if it is used in electron transfer phosphorylation in liver, heart, or kidney cells?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) either 2 or 3 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) either 2 or 3

Question 9

The amount of energy released from a glucose molecule is dependent on what happens to

Accepted Answer

A) carbon atoms. 
B) oxygen atoms. 
C) hydrogen atoms. 
D) phosphorus atoms. 
E) water molecules. 
A) carbon atoms. 
B) oxygen atoms. 
C) hydrogen atoms. 
D) phosphorus atoms. 
E) water molecules.

Question 10

The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+. 
B) CO2. 
C) ADP. 
D) NADP+. 
E) O2. 
A) NAD+. 
B) CO2. 
C) ADP. 
D) NADP+. 
E) O2.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of slow- twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) pale color 
B) many mitochondria 
C) form ATP only by aerobic respiration 
D) operate during marathon runs 
E) found in abundance in migrating ducks 
A) pale color 
B) many mitochondria 
C) form ATP only by aerobic respiration 
D) operate during marathon runs 
E) found in abundance in migrating ducks

Question 12

The most abundant acceptor for hydrogen released in the Krebs cycle is

Accepted Answer

A) TPN. 
B) NADP+. 
C) NAD+. 
D) FAD. 
E) cytochrome oxidase. 
A) TPN. 
B) NADP+. 
C) NAD+. 
D) FAD. 
E) cytochrome oxidase.

Question 13

Lactose fermentation turns __________into __________using electrons from __________.

Accepted Answer

A) pyruate; NADH; Lactic acid. 
B) pyruvate; Lactic acid; NADH. 
C) lactic acid; FADH; pyruvate. 
D) lactate; pyruvate; ATP. 
E) none of these. 
A) pyruate; NADH; Lactic acid. 
B) pyruvate; Lactic acid; NADH. 
C) lactic acid; FADH; pyruvate. 
D) lactate; pyruvate; ATP. 
E) none of these.

Question 14

The use of two ATP molecules at the beginning of glycolysis is comparable to __________ in finances.

Accepted Answer

A) a dividend 
B) a credit 
C) a debt 
D) an investment 
E) liquidity 
A) a dividend 
B) a credit 
C) a debt 
D) an investment 
E) liquidity

Question 15

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Accepted Answer

A) occurs during glycolysis. 
B) requires the presence of oxygen. 
C) is a precursor for the phosphorylation of glucose. 
D) is the source for the majority of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration. 
E) does not occur during the Krebs cycle. 
A) occurs during glycolysis. 
B) requires the presence of oxygen. 
C) is a precursor for the phosphorylation of glucose. 
D) is the source for the majority of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration. 
E) does not occur during the Krebs cycle.

Question 16

The energy used to generate most of the ATP formed in aerobic respiration is released when electrons are passed from NADH along a chain to

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen. 
B) acetyl CoA. 
C) FADH. 
D) CO2.. 
E) NADPH. 
A) oxygen. 
B) acetyl CoA. 
C) FADH. 
D) CO2.. 
E) NADPH.

Question 17

__________ stores oxygen in the slow-twitch muscle tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) Hemoglobin 
B) Mitochondria 
C) Myoglobin 
D) Fermentation 
E) None of these 
A) Hemoglobin 
B) Mitochondria 
C) Myoglobin 
D) Fermentation 
E) None of these

Question 18

The first intermediate produced after the entry of acetyl-CoA into the Krebs cycle is

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate. 
B) acetyl-CoA. 
C) fructose bisphosphate. 
D) oxaloacetate. 
E) citrate. 
A) pyruvate. 
B) acetyl-CoA. 
C) fructose bisphosphate. 
D) oxaloacetate. 
E) citrate.

Question 19

Which is NOT ordinarily capable of being reduced at any time?

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+ 
B) FAD 
C) oxygen, O2 
D) water 
E) all of these 
A) NAD+ 
B) FAD 
C) oxygen, O2 
D) water 
E) all of these

Question 20

Slow-twitch muscle fibers have many mitochondria and produce ATP using __________.

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic fermentation. 
B) aerobic respiration. 
C) anaerobic muscle recovery. 
D) anaerobic fermentation. 
E) none of these. 
A) aerobic fermentation. 
B) aerobic respiration. 
C) anaerobic muscle recovery. 
D) anaerobic fermentation. 
E) none of these.

Exam 8: Energy-Releasing Pathways

The chemical __________ enters the mitochondria to continue respiration.

Which of the following serves as a terminal electron acceptor in mitochondria?

Plant cells are capable of

How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?

Which of the following features is characteristic of all life?

Cellular respiration

In the breakdown of glucose, a phosphorylated six-carbon compound is split into two three-carbon compounds, which are named

Each NADH produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis yields how many molecules of ATP if it is used in electron transfer phosphorylation in liver, heart, or kidney cells?

The amount of energy released from a glucose molecule is dependent on what happens to

The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of slow- twitch muscle fibers?

The most abundant acceptor for hydrogen released in the Krebs cycle is

Lactose fermentation turns __________into __________using electrons from __________.

The use of two ATP molecules at the beginning of glycolysis is comparable to __________ in finances.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

The energy used to generate most of the ATP formed in aerobic respiration is released when electrons are passed from NADH along a chain to

__________ stores oxygen in the slow-twitch muscle tissues.

The first intermediate produced after the entry of acetyl-CoA into the Krebs cycle is

Which is NOT ordinarily capable of being reduced at any time?

Slow-twitch muscle fibers have many mitochondria and produce ATP using __________.

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

Lactose fermentation turns into using electrons from __.