Question 1

Substances that cause euphoria and relieve pain are

Accepted Answer

A) depressants. 
B) stimulants. 
C) analgesics. 
D) hallucinogens. 
E) antipsychotics. 
A) depressants. 
B) stimulants. 
C) analgesics. 
D) hallucinogens. 
E) antipsychotics.

Question 2

The center of consciousness and intelligence is the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thalamus. 
C) pons. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) cerebrum. 
A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thalamus. 
C) pons. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) cerebrum.

Question 3

Which of the following is used during the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic nervous system 
B) parasympathetic nervous system 
C) norepinephrine 
D) sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine 
E) parasympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine 
A) sympathetic nervous system 
B) parasympathetic nervous system 
C) norepinephrine 
D) sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine 
E) parasympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine

Question 4

All EXCEPT which of the following is true of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A) houses connections between sensory and motor neurons 
B) serves as a reflex center 
C) its gray matter serves as passageway for nerve tracts to brain 
D) is covered with meninges 
E) is enclosed by vertebrae 
A) houses connections between sensory and motor neurons 
B) serves as a reflex center 
C) its gray matter serves as passageway for nerve tracts to brain 
D) is covered with meninges 
E) is enclosed by vertebrae

Question 5

Most sensory signals destined for the cerebrum pass through the

Accepted Answer

A) pons. 
B) olfactory area. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) thalamus. 
E) hypothalamus. 
A) pons. 
B) olfactory area. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) thalamus. 
E) hypothalamus.

Question 6

Astrocytes

Accepted Answer

A) are a type of neuroglial cell found in the brain. 
B) make nerve growth factor. 
C) play a role in immune defenses. 
D) make lactate to fuel active neurons. 
E) include all of these descriptions. 
A) are a type of neuroglial cell found in the brain. 
B) make nerve growth factor. 
C) play a role in immune defenses. 
D) make lactate to fuel active neurons. 
E) include all of these descriptions.

Question 7

Which neurons generally dominate internal events when environmental conditions permit relaxation and digestion?

Accepted Answer

A) ganglia 
B) pacemaker 
C) sympathetic 
D) parasympathetic 
E) somatic 
A) ganglia 
B) pacemaker 
C) sympathetic 
D) parasympathetic 
E) somatic

Question 8

If the primary somatosensory cortex is destroyed by a stroke, what is impaired?

Accepted Answer

A) movement on both sides of the body 
B) reception of sensory information from skin and joints 
C) movement by the right side of the body 
D) movement by the left side of the body 
E) none of these 
A) movement on both sides of the body 
B) reception of sensory information from skin and joints 
C) movement by the right side of the body 
D) movement by the left side of the body 
E) none of these

Question 9

The two major divisions of the vertebrate nervous system are the

Accepted Answer

A) autonomic and peripheral systems. 
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C) cranial and spinal nerves. 
D) central and peripheral nervous systems. 
E) brain and spinal cord. 
A) autonomic and peripheral systems. 
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C) cranial and spinal nerves. 
D) central and peripheral nervous systems. 
E) brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

Reduced serotonin levels from MDMA use

Accepted Answer

A) contribute to memory loss. 
B) contribute to a loss of concentration. 
C) may take months to reverse. 
D) are correlated with depression. 
E) include all of these. 
A) contribute to memory loss. 
B) contribute to a loss of concentration. 
C) may take months to reverse. 
D) are correlated with depression. 
E) include all of these.

Question 11

The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life (such as breathing and heartbeat) is the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla oblongata. 
B) corpus callosum. 
C) pineal gland. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) cerebral cortex. 
A) medulla oblongata. 
B) corpus callosum. 
C) pineal gland. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) cerebral cortex.

Question 12

The reason that an action potential is so brief is that

Accepted Answer

A) a wave of repolarization immediately follows the rising portion of the spike. 
B) the closing of potassium gates allows the voltage difference across the neural membrane to be restored. 
C) the channels for sodium movement remain open. 
D) the sodium-potassium pump restores the electrical gradients. 
E) the membrane limits electrical activity. 
A) a wave of repolarization immediately follows the rising portion of the spike. 
B) the closing of potassium gates allows the voltage difference across the neural membrane to be restored. 
C) the channels for sodium movement remain open. 
D) the sodium-potassium pump restores the electrical gradients. 
E) the membrane limits electrical activity.

Question 13

A group of chemicals that at low doses reduces fatigue and heightens awareness but at high doses elicits anxiety and irritability are

Accepted Answer

A) depressants. 
B) stimulants. 
C) analgesics. 
D) hallucinogens. 
E) antipsychotics. 
A) depressants. 
B) stimulants. 
C) analgesics. 
D) hallucinogens. 
E) antipsychotics.

Question 14

The condition in which there is deterioration of the myelin sheaths of neurons in the brain and spinal cord is

Accepted Answer

A) muscular dystrophy. 
B) cancer. 
C) diabetes. 
D) multiple sclerosis. 
E) Alzheimer's disease. 
A) muscular dystrophy. 
B) cancer. 
C) diabetes. 
D) multiple sclerosis. 
E) Alzheimer's disease.

Question 15

Disturbances in sensory neurons will result in an action potential if the

Accepted Answer

A) potential is graded. 
B) potential change remains local. 
C) graded potential of threshold size reaches a trigger zone. 
D) localized potential changes do not spread too far. 
E) potential changes become downgraded to localized ones. 
A) potential is graded. 
B) potential change remains local. 
C) graded potential of threshold size reaches a trigger zone. 
D) localized potential changes do not spread too far. 
E) potential changes become downgraded to localized ones.

Question 16

The presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron do not directly contact each other because

Accepted Answer

A) one would inhibit the actions of the other. 
B) they never grow to sufficient length. 
C) the synaptic vesicles keep them apart. 
D) this would cause continuous impulse transmission. 
E) acetylcholine prevents this action. 
A) one would inhibit the actions of the other. 
B) they never grow to sufficient length. 
C) the synaptic vesicles keep them apart. 
D) this would cause continuous impulse transmission. 
E) acetylcholine prevents this action.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT defined as a part of the vertebrate central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) brain 
B) cerebellum 
C) spinal cord 
D) thoracic nerves 
E) neuroglia 
A) brain 
B) cerebellum 
C) spinal cord 
D) thoracic nerves 
E) neuroglia

Question 18

Before another action potential "spike" can occur

Accepted Answer

A) there must be a very brief restoration of the resting conditions in the membrane. 
B) the membrane voltage must drop to zero. 
C) the sodium-potassium pump must cease temporarily. 
D) all of the membrane gates must be closed at the same time. 
E) all of these must happen. 
A) there must be a very brief restoration of the resting conditions in the membrane. 
B) the membrane voltage must drop to zero. 
C) the sodium-potassium pump must cease temporarily. 
D) all of the membrane gates must be closed at the same time. 
E) all of these must happen.

Question 19

Neuroglial cells

Accepted Answer

A) metabolically support other neurons. 
B) form sheaths around neurons and increase the rate of impulse transmission. 
C) form more than half of the volume of the brain. 
D) provide physical support. 
E) do all of these. 
A) metabolically support other neurons. 
B) form sheaths around neurons and increase the rate of impulse transmission. 
C) form more than half of the volume of the brain. 
D) provide physical support. 
E) do all of these.

Question 20

One example of a simple reflex arc involves the

Accepted Answer

A) contraction of a muscle when it is stretched. 
B) conscious message to move part of the body. 
C) receptor, the brain, and the effector. 
D) muscle action in a salute when a noncommissioned combatant sees an officer. 
E) contraction of an antagonistic muscle when its opposite muscle relaxes. 
A) contraction of a muscle when it is stretched. 
B) conscious message to move part of the body. 
C) receptor, the brain, and the effector. 
D) muscle action in a salute when a noncommissioned combatant sees an officer. 
E) contraction of an antagonistic muscle when its opposite muscle relaxes.

Exam 33: Neural Control

Substances that cause euphoria and relieve pain are

The center of consciousness and intelligence is the

Which of the following is used during the fight-or-flight response?

All EXCEPT which of the following is true of the spinal cord?

Most sensory signals destined for the cerebrum pass through the

Astrocytes

Which neurons generally dominate internal events when environmental conditions permit relaxation and digestion?

If the primary somatosensory cortex is destroyed by a stroke, what is impaired?

The two major divisions of the vertebrate nervous system are the

Reduced serotonin levels from MDMA use

The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life (such as breathing and heartbeat) is the

The reason that an action potential is so brief is that

A group of chemicals that at low doses reduces fatigue and heightens awareness but at high doses elicits anxiety and irritability are

The condition in which there is deterioration of the myelin sheaths of neurons in the brain and spinal cord is

Disturbances in sensory neurons will result in an action potential if the

The presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron do not directly contact each other because

Which of the following is NOT defined as a part of the vertebrate central nervous system?

Before another action potential "spike" can occur

Neuroglial cells

One example of a simple reflex arc involves the

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters