Exam 16: The Endocrine System

Cyclic AMP (cAMP), diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol triphosphate (IP3), and calcium ions can serve as second messengers.

Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of both iodine and calcium.

Oxytocin___________ .

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid-based hormones?

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of sodium.

The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is___________ .

List three factors that target cell activation depends on, after the hormone binds to the receptor.

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the___________ .

As a result of stress, the anterior pituitary releases___________ , which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats.

Which anterior pituitary hormone does NOT target another endocrine gland?

Most type 2 diabetics do NOT produce insulin.

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress.

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ___________.

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ___________.

Johanna, a 7-year-old girl, is significantly shorter than normal for her age. Her doctor recommends treatment with a hormone before her growth plates ossify in her long bones. Which hormone is recommended?

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?

What is the difference between autocrines and paracrines?