Exam 16: The Endocrine System

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone?

A person who drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages must urinate frequently. Why?

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

It was often rumored that one of our deceased presidents was suffering from Addison's disease (inadequate synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). What symptoms may have led to the diagnosis of this condition?

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n) ____________.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ___________.

Melatonin ____________ .

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ___________.

Glucagon and insulin both target the cells of the liver and are both made in the pancreas, yet they have very different effects on the cells they target. What accounts for this fact?

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to___________ .

John is a 26-year-old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular___________.

Define synergism in hormone interaction at target cells and give an example.

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

The major targets of growth hormone are ___________.

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a long-term stress response?

All anterior pituitary hormones EXCEPT growth hormone affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second-messenger system.