Exam 9: Muscles and Muscle Tissue

Lynn has been waking up each night with intense pain in her calves. She does not feel that it is serious enough to seek medical attention but would like to know what is causing the pain. What would you tell her concerning this problem? She has been playing tennis all summer for several hours each day. Could this have anything to do with the night pain?

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Question 1

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This is due to sustained spasm, or tetanic contraction, of the gastrocnemius muscle. The causes could be low blood sugar, electrolyte depletion (particularly sodium and calcium), dehydration, or irritability of the spinal cord neurons. The fact that Lynn has been playing tennis for several hours each day may have caused an electrolyte depletion. She should increase her intake of sodium and calcium.

Aaron arrived at the hospital with the following symptoms: drooping eyelids; fatigue and weakness of his muscles; and difficulty talking, breathing, and swallowing. What was his diagnosis?

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Question 2

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Aaron probably has myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disease), which involves a shortage of ACh receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Gary was injured in an automobile accident that severed the motor neurons innervating his quadriceps. Even though he has had extensive physical therapy, he is still suffering from muscle atrophy. Why is the therapy not working?

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Question 3

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In denervation atrophy, fibrous connective tissue replaces the muscle tissue that was lost. When atrophy is complete, fibrous tissue cannot be reversed to muscle tissue.

Muscle tone is __________ .

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 4

Briefly explain the sources of energy for a one-minute sustained muscle contraction.

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Question 5

Oxygen starved tissues can release chemical signals into the blood that can change the diameter of nearby blood vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. In doing so, the blood vessels will respond through vasodilation (widening of the vessel). Which muscle type is responsible for this vasodilation?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily.

(True/False)

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Question 7

Although all the anatomical parts of muscle work together to give it it's characteristics, which of the following proteins listed below would be most associated with the characteristics of contractility?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units.

(True/False)

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Question 9

If a muscle fiber were to suddenly and permanently stop producing ATP the fiber would no longer be able to actively transport calcium out of the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) and the intracellular calcium concentration would rise. Which of the following would you expect to happen?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 10

Excitability is the ability of a cell to receive and respond to stimulus by changing its membrane potential.

(True/False)

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Question 11

Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

Cells of unitary smooth muscle are found in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the intestine.

(True/False)

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Question 13

Which of the following surrounds an individual muscle cell?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

The enzyme__________ is present in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction. Its activity stops the neurotransmitters stimulation.

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Question 15

Which cells help repair injured skeletal muscle fibers and allows regeneration of dead skeletal muscle?

(Short Answer)

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Question 16

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric contraction.

(True/False)

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Question 17

What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

The nurse encourages the patient to do his own activities of daily living such as bathing, eating, dressing, and toileting activities. How do these activities promote physical conditioning?

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Question 19

Describe the difference between muscle tension, muscle contraction and a muscle twitch.

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 100

Aaron arrived at the hospital with the following symptoms: drooping eyelids; fatigue and weakness of his muscles; and difficulty talking, breathing, and swallowing. What was his diagnosis?

Gary was injured in an automobile accident that severed the motor neurons innervating his quadriceps. Even though he has had extensive physical therapy, he is still suffering from muscle atrophy. Why is the therapy not working?

Muscle tone is __________ .

Briefly explain the sources of energy for a one-minute sustained muscle contraction.

The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily.

Although all the anatomical parts of muscle work together to give it it's characteristics, which of the following proteins listed below would be most associated with the characteristics of contractility?

Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units.

If a muscle fiber were to suddenly and permanently stop producing ATP the fiber would no longer be able to actively transport calcium out of the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) and the intracellular calcium concentration would rise. Which of the following would you expect to happen?

Excitability is the ability of a cell to receive and respond to stimulus by changing its membrane potential.

Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

Cells of unitary smooth muscle are found in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the intestine.

Which of the following surrounds an individual muscle cell?

The enzyme__________ is present in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction. Its activity stops the neurotransmitters stimulation.

Which cells help repair injured skeletal muscle fibers and allows regeneration of dead skeletal muscle?

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric contraction.

What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?

The nurse encourages the patient to do his own activities of daily living such as bathing, eating, dressing, and toileting activities. How do these activities promote physical conditioning?

Describe the difference between muscle tension, muscle contraction and a muscle twitch.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissues

The Skeleton

Joints

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

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