Exam 18: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole.

Define the terms end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV) and relate them to the calculation of stroke volume.

Explain the role of pacemaker cells in cardiac tissue.

List and define the three most important factors that affect stroke volume.

Define systole and diastole. Which heart chambers are usually referenced when these terms are used?

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

A patient was admitted to the hospital with chest pains. On admission, his pulse was 110 and blood pressure was 96/64. According to his history, his normal pulse rate is usually between 80 and 88 and his blood pressure runs from 120/70 to 130/80. Explain why these changes in BP and HR occur.

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

Why is oxygen so much more critical to the heart muscle than to skeletal muscles?

A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion and needing to sleep on three pillows at night. On physical assessment, the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen. Which of these symptoms reflect left-sided heart failure and which reflect right-sided heart failure?

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the__________ .

A man enters the hospital complaining of chest pain. His history includes smoking, a stressful job, a diet heavy in saturated fats, lack of exercise, and high blood pressure. Although he is not suffering from a heart attack, his doctor explains to him that a heart attack is quite possible. What did the chest pain indicate? Why is this man a prime candidate for a heart attack?

While auscultating heart sounds during a checkup, Andy's doctor hears a high-pitched sound during ventricular contraction. Which type of valve could cause this?

What is the expected heart rate when a heart is removed from a living body?

If the SA node is not functioning, an ECG will show__________ .

Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles.

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the __________.

Pectinate muscles are found in the ___________ .

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by fibrous connective tissue.