Exam 8: Joints

Alexis grinds her teeth at night when she sleeps, especially when she is stressed. One morning she woke up with extreme pain in her jaw muscles, a popping sound when she chewed, and joint stiffness. How do you explain her condition and how is it treated?

Why is muscle tone the most important stabilizing factor for most joints?

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement.

A friend finally completes a basement floor tiling project that required extensive time on his knees. Afterwards, knee pain took him to a doctor who diagnosed bursitis. Help explain to your friend what bursitis is and what can be done to relieve it.

A nurse is instructing the patient care assistants (PCAs) on transfer techniques. For patients needing to be slid toward the head of the bed, the nurse tells the PCAs to use a draw sheet under the patient's torso. She tells them to avoid pulling on their hands or arms. Based on your knowledge of the shoulder joint, explain why pulling on the extremities should be avoided.

For each of the following movements, indicate the specific kind of joint involved (e.g., hinge, etc.) and the movement performed (e.g., extension, etc.). a. Bending the elbow:_________, _________. b. Turning head side to side: _________,_________ . c. Lowering your arm to your side in the frontal plane: _________,________ . d. Turning the sole of foot medially: _________, _________.

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ___________.

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

Bowing to your opponent before a jiu jitsu match would be considered a__________ movement.

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are__________ .

Tendon sheaths ___________.

Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?

Fibrous joints are classified as__________ .

Greg is somewhat of a "weekend athlete" who has overextended himself by pitching multiple baseball games for a local team during the week and by playing golf on the weekends for several hours. He presented himself to the emergency room last week with severe shoulder pain (at the glenohumeral joint). The physician told him that the X-ray was not conclusive, but he may have damage to his rotator cuff. What is the rotator cuff, and how might he have caused this damage? What remedies will the physician recommend?

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.

Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

Mary has been suffering from a "bad knee" for several months. She is a tennis player who often slides in to attack a ball; she is an aerobic devotee and a jogger. She visited an orthopedic surgeon last week who told her that he would "like to have a look at her knee joint." He also told her that her symptoms indicated damage to the meniscus, and it might have to be removed. What will the doctor do to see the joint, and if the meniscus is removed will Mary be able to play tennis again?