Question 1

Upon returning to its hive, a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the presence of a nearby food source it has discovered by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vibrating its wings at varying frequencies 
B)  performing a round dance 
C)  performing a waggle dance 
D)  visual cues 
A)  vibrating its wings at varying frequencies 
B)  performing a round dance 
C)  performing a waggle dance 
D)  visual cues

Question 2

Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents. This strategy is no longer used because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers" 
B)  sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation 
C)  none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane 
D)  sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs 
A)  the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers" 
B)  sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation 
C)  none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane 
D)  sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Based only on the information in the figure, which of the following conclusions is most logical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females produce more eggs more quickly when exposed to breeding males. 
B)  Females produce eggs more quickly when exposed to many males than females paired with a male. 
C)  All non-isolated females do just as well as isolated females. 
D)  After four weeks together, females with males produce mature follicles to the same extent as females without males. 
A)  Females produce more eggs more quickly when exposed to breeding males. 
B)  Females produce eggs more quickly when exposed to many males than females paired with a male. 
C)  All non-isolated females do just as well as isolated females. 
D)  After four weeks together, females with males produce mature follicles to the same extent as females without males.

Question 4

The occurrence of sexual dimorphism in a species is a likely indicator of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a monogamous mating system 
B)  monogamy 
C)  certainty of paternity 
D)  agonistic behavior 
A)  a monogamous mating system 
B)  monogamy 
C)  certainty of paternity 
D)  agonistic behavior

Question 5

Squirrels will make alarm sounds when a model of an owl is placed in their territory. When a red block the same size of the owl is placed in the territory, the squirrel does not alarm. What can you conclude from these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The squirrel cannot see red objects, and so does not make alarm sounds. 
B)  The owl model, but not the red block, is a sign that triggers the fixed action pattern of alarm vocalizations. 
C)  The owl model is the ultimate cause of alarm vocalization behavior. 
D)  The squirrel is trying to attract the owl into its territory. 
A)  The squirrel cannot see red objects, and so does not make alarm sounds. 
B)  The owl model, but not the red block, is a sign that triggers the fixed action pattern of alarm vocalizations. 
C)  The owl model is the ultimate cause of alarm vocalization behavior. 
D)  The squirrel is trying to attract the owl into its territory.

Question 6

Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males and, after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain, forcing the female to incubate her last clutch. Which of the following terms best describes this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  polygyny 
B)  polyandry 
C)  promiscuity 
D)  certainty of paternity 
A)  polygyny 
B)  polyandry 
C)  promiscuity 
D)  certainty of paternity

Question 7

The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection, a theory maintaining that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes 
B)  companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other 
C)  critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection 
D)  natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants 
A)  genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes 
B)  companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other 
C)  critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection 
D)  natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants

Question 8

What type of signal is brief and can work among obstructions at night?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  auditory 
D)  magnetic 
A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  auditory 
D)  magnetic

Question 9

Which of the following examples reflects the concept of optimal foraging?

Accepted Answer

A)  During foraging, a mule deer will consume food as soon as it finds it, regardless of the location. 
B)  A cheetah will continue a chase for prey, regardless of how long the chase lasts or how much energy is consumed. 
C)  A moose spends more time looking for food when the food is high quality than when the food is low quality. 
D)  If an animal is hungry it will consume food as soon as it is found, regardless of the food quality or the risk. 
A)  During foraging, a mule deer will consume food as soon as it finds it, regardless of the location. 
B)  A cheetah will continue a chase for prey, regardless of how long the chase lasts or how much energy is consumed. 
C)  A moose spends more time looking for food when the food is high quality than when the food is low quality. 
D)  If an animal is hungry it will consume food as soon as it is found, regardless of the food quality or the risk.

Question 10

What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  auditory 
D)  electrical 
A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  auditory 
D)  electrical

Question 11

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations 
B)  members of different populations have different nutritional requirements 
C)  the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations 
D)  members of different populations differ in learning ability 
A)  the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations 
B)  members of different populations have different nutritional requirements 
C)  the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations 
D)  members of different populations differ in learning ability

Question 12

According to Hamilton's rule,

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist. 
B)  natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the recipient, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist. 
C)  natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling. 
D)  the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals. 
A)  natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist. 
B)  natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the recipient, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist. 
C)  natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling. 
D)  the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals.

Question 13

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones 
B)  evolution 
C)  pheromones 
D)  the nervous system 
A)  hormones 
B)  evolution 
C)  pheromones 
D)  the nervous system

Question 14

Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example.

Accepted Answer

A)  agonistic behavior 
B)  territorial behavior 
C)  learned behavior 
D)  fixed action pattern 
A)  agonistic behavior 
B)  territorial behavior 
C)  learned behavior 
D)  fixed action pattern

Question 15

Listed are several examples of types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the correct term (A-E) that matches each example in the following questions.
A. operant conditioning
B. classical conditioning
C. innate behavior
D. imprinting
E. altruistic behavior
-Through trial and error, a rat learns to run a maze without mistakes to receive a food reward.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Accepted Answer

The answer of Listed are several examples of types of...

Question 16

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 17

A region of the canary forebrain shrinks during the nonbreeding season and enlarges when breeding season begins. This change is probably associated with the annual ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of new syllables to a canary's song repertoire 
B)  crystallization of subsong into adult songs 
C)  renewal of mating and nest-building behaviors 
D)  elimination of the memorized template for songs sung the previous year 
A)  addition of new syllables to a canary's song repertoire 
B)  crystallization of subsong into adult songs 
C)  renewal of mating and nest-building behaviors 
D)  elimination of the memorized template for songs sung the previous year

Question 18

The head-butting behavior of male bighorn sheep to establish a mating hierarchy is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mate-choice copying 
B)  sexual dimorphism 
C)  agonistic behavior 
D)  polygamy 
A)  mate-choice copying 
B)  sexual dimorphism 
C)  agonistic behavior 
D)  polygamy

Question 19

If a prairie dog had the opportunity to perform an altruistic act (that is, give an alarm call) to help its relatives, which combination of the following relatives would the prairie dog be most likely to help (base your answer solely on the genetic relationships)?

Accepted Answer

A)  two nieces, two cousins, and one half-brother 
B)  two half-sisters and two nieces 
C)  one son, one niece, and one half-sister 
D)  equal altruism to all combinations described 
A)  two nieces, two cousins, and one half-brother 
B)  two half-sisters and two nieces 
C)  one son, one niece, and one half-sister 
D)  equal altruism to all combinations described

Question 20

Every morning at the same time, John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish. After a few weeks, he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognition 
B)  imprinting 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  cognition 
B)  imprinting 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning

Exam 51: Animal Behavior

Upon returning to its hive, a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the presence of a nearby food source it has discovered by ________.

Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents. This strategy is no longer used because ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. Based only on the information in the figure, which of the following conclusions is most logical?

The occurrence of sexual dimorphism in a species is a likely indicator of ________.

Squirrels will make alarm sounds when a model of an owl is placed in their territory. When a red block the same size of the owl is placed in the territory, the squirrel does not alarm. What can you conclude from these observations?

The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection, a theory maintaining that ________.

What type of signal is brief and can work among obstructions at night?

Which of the following examples reflects the concept of optimal foraging?

What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night?

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that ________.

According to Hamilton's rule,

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by ________.

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation?

A region of the canary forebrain shrinks during the nonbreeding season and enlarges when breeding season begins. This change is probably associated with the annual ________.

The head-butting behavior of male bighorn sheep to establish a mating hierarchy is an example of ________.

If a prairie dog had the opportunity to perform an altruistic act (that is, give an alarm call) to help its relatives, which combination of the following relatives would the prairie dog be most likely to help (base your answer solely on the genetic relationships)?

Every morning at the same time, John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish. After a few weeks, he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room. This is an example of ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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