Question 1

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme 
B)  use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis) 
C)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH 
D)  require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source 
A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme 
B)  use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis) 
C)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH 
D)  require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source

Question 2

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivary amylase 
B)  pepsidase 
C)  pancreatic lipase 
D)  secretin 
A)  salivary amylase 
B)  pepsidase 
C)  pancreatic lipase 
D)  secretin

Question 3

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine 
A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine

Question 4

The function of chylomicrons is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  digest nucleic acids in the intestine 
B)  break down carbohydrates in the mouth 
C)  transport lipids from the intestine to other organs 
D)  move proteins across plasma membranes of cells 
A)  digest nucleic acids in the intestine 
B)  break down carbohydrates in the mouth 
C)  transport lipids from the intestine to other organs 
D)  move proteins across plasma membranes of cells

Question 5

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients. 
B)  Temperature is always regulated. 
C)  The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells. 
D)  The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system. 
A)  The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients. 
B)  Temperature is always regulated. 
C)  The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells. 
D)  The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system.

Question 6

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells 
C)  a high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells 
D)  a cell wall impermeable to acid 
A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells 
C)  a high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells 
D)  a cell wall impermeable to acid

Question 7

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B)  By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane 
A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B)  By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane

Question 8

Folic acid supplements have become especially important for pregnant women because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  folic acid supplies vitamins that only pregnant women can use 
B)  the fetus makes high levels of folic acid 
C)  folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus 
D)  folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn 
A)  folic acid supplies vitamins that only pregnant women can use 
B)  the fetus makes high levels of folic acid 
C)  folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus 
D)  folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn

Question 9

The digestion of ________ begins in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  fat 
C)  nucleic acids 
D)  carbohydrates 
A)  protein 
B)  fat 
C)  nucleic acids 
D)  carbohydrates

Question 10

The Pimas are a group of people living in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Although Pima Indians living in the United States and Mexico have a similar genetic background, a five-fold increase in the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus among U.S. Pima has been reported. The body mass index of Mexicans of non-Pima descent, Mexicans of Pima descent, and Pimas living in the United States is shown in the figure. Based on this information and the graph, what can you infer about the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. 
B)  If you maintain a normal body weight (body mass index less than 25), you will not get type II diabetes mellitus. 
C)  The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past ten years. 
D)  People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. 
A)  Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. 
B)  If you maintain a normal body weight (body mass index less than 25), you will not get type II diabetes mellitus. 
C)  The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past ten years. 
D)  People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.

Question 11

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
D)  pancreas-enzyme production 
A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
D)  pancreas-enzyme production

Question 12

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  rectum. 
A)  pharynx. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  rectum.

Question 13

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  absorption of organic materials 
C)  production of vitamin K 
D)  recovery of water from fecal matter 
A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  absorption of organic materials 
C)  production of vitamin K 
D)  recovery of water from fecal matter

Question 14

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health. 
A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.

Question 15

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  minerals 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  fats 
A)  proteins 
B)  minerals 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  fats

Question 16

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  8 
D)  9 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 17

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are autotrophic 
B)  re-ingest their feces 
C)  manufacture all fifteen amino acids out of sugars in the liver 
D)  have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs 
A)  are autotrophic 
B)  re-ingest their feces 
C)  manufacture all fifteen amino acids out of sugars in the liver 
D)  have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs

Question 18

If you were to jog one kilometer a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle proteins 
B)  liver glycogen and muscle glycogen 
C)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
D)  blood proteins 
A)  muscle proteins 
B)  liver glycogen and muscle glycogen 
C)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
D)  blood proteins

Question 19

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption

Question 20

Among mammals, it is generally true that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth 
B)  after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx 
C)  the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea 
D)  the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach 
A)  all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth 
B)  after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx 
C)  the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea 
D)  the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

The function of chylomicrons is to ________.

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Folic acid supplements have become especially important for pregnant women because ________.

The digestion of ________ begins in the stomach.

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as ________.

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________.

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

If you were to jog one kilometer a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Among mammals, it is generally true that ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters