Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Even though plants cells carry out photosynthesis, they still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. Under what conditions will plant cell mitochondria be active in this process?

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

During aerobic respiration, which of the following molecules directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction?

Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO₂) from a molecule of pyruvate?

Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered high-energy foods?

New biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and will find it difficult to continue exercising. These biosensors monitor lactate, a form of lactic acid, released in sweat during strenuous exercise. Which of the statements below is the best explanation of why athletes would need to monitor lactate levels?