Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO₂ from the catabolism of glucose is released?

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ → Lactate + NAD⁺

Which of the following statements about NAD⁺ is true?

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. Which of the following statements about these inside-out membrane vesicles is true?

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle?

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. After the disruption, which components involved in oxidative phosphorylation must be present for electron transfer and ATP synthesis to still occur?

What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A young dog has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help, and she decides to conduct several diagnostic tests. She discovers that the dog's mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of the dog's condition?

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. Catabolism of fatty acids produces two-carbon fragments that are converted to acetyl CoA molecules. What is the most likely way in which these acetyl CoA molecules would be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration?

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO₂ with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is stored in the form of which of the following molecules?

The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes a key step in glycolysis. PFK is inhibited by high levels of which of the following molecules?

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration?