Question 1

The movement of water and solutes across blood capillaries into the renal capsule is

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration 
B)  tubular reabsorption 
C)  tubular secretion 
A)  glomerular filtration 
B)  tubular reabsorption 
C)  tubular secretion

Question 2

Normally, urine is prevented from backing up into the ureters from a full bladder due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity. 
B)  hydrostatic pressure from the renal pelvis. 
C)  sphincters (anatomical valves) at the junctions of the ureters and bladder. 
D)  physiological valves where pressure in the bladder compresses oblique openings into the ureters. 
A)  gravity. 
B)  hydrostatic pressure from the renal pelvis. 
C)  sphincters (anatomical valves) at the junctions of the ureters and bladder. 
D)  physiological valves where pressure in the bladder compresses oblique openings into the ureters.

Question 3

Each nephron consist of a renal corpuscle and a renal

Accepted Answer

A)  tubule 
B)  duct 
C)  limb 
D)  gland 
A)  tubule 
B)  duct 
C)  limb 
D)  gland

Question 4

The kidneys release glucose to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The nephrons with long nephron loops and renal corpuscles next to the medulla are known as ________________ nephrons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nephrons with long nephron loops and...

Question 6

During an anatomy lab exam, Ava observed an unlabeled slide that she recognized as being a portion of a juxtamedullary nephron. She noted simple squamous epithelium along a narrow tube. What part(s) of the nephron could Ava have identified as having this type of cell lining? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  descending limb of a cortical nephron loop 
B)  thin ascending limb of a juxtamedullary nephron loop 
C)  distal convoluted tubule of a cortical nephron 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule of a juxtamedullary nephron 
A)  descending limb of a cortical nephron loop 
B)  thin ascending limb of a juxtamedullary nephron loop 
C)  distal convoluted tubule of a cortical nephron 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule of a juxtamedullary nephron

Question 7

In severe cases of urinary incontinence, a suprapubic catheter (a tube placed in the bladder from the anterior abdominal wall) is used to aid in voiding urine. With the placement of this catheter, urine does not pass through the:

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron 
B)  ureters 
C)  urethra 
D)  renal pelvis 
A)  nephron 
B)  ureters 
C)  urethra 
D)  renal pelvis

Question 8

Describe the layers through which a substance will pass when moving from glomerular blood into filtrate of the capsular space.

Accepted Answer

(1.) Endothelial fenestrations of the gl

Question 9

The internal urethral sphincter is formed by circular smooth muscle. The external urethral sphincter is derived from voluntary skeletal muscle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The second statement is true; the first is false. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
D)  The second statement is true; the first is false.

Question 10

Which of the following structures normally transport blood? 
1) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
2) glomerulus
3) efferent arteriole
4) nephron loop (loop of Henle)
5) collecting duct
6) vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 and 5 
B)  2, 3 and 6 
C)  4 and 5 only 
D)  3 and 6 only 
A)  1, 4 and 5 
B)  2, 3 and 6 
C)  4 and 5 only 
D)  3 and 6 only

Question 11

A kidney can have up to 1 million nephrons, the functional unit of the kidneys. The filtrate that is produced by a series of processes, including filtration, reabsorption and secretion eventually empties from many nephrons into a series of ducts, cup-like structures and eventually into a single cavity called the renal pelvis. Which of these structures would be the least abundant but still contain filtrate rather than urine?
a. papillary ducts
b. collecting ducts
c. minor calyxes
d. major calyxes

Accepted Answer

The papillary ducts are the last section

Question 12

Potassium ions (K+) secreted from tubule cells into the tubular fluids help control blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How many layers of epithelial cells line the entire wall of the nephron from glomerular capsule to collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  ten 
D)  more than 25 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  ten 
D)  more than 25

Question 14

The nephron has two main parts: a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The collecting duct and papillary ducts are part of the kidney, but are not part of the nephron. Even though nephrons are the functional units of kidneys, these other parts of the kidney assist the actual nephrons with regulation of urine production. Which of the following cells involved in regulation of kidney function and maintenance of homeostasis is NOT part of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular cells 
B)  intercalated cells 
C)  podocytes 
D)  macula densa cells 
A)  juxtaglomerular cells 
B)  intercalated cells 
C)  podocytes 
D)  macula densa cells

Question 15

The functional unit of the kidney is the ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functional unit of the kidney is...

Question 16

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consist of what structures? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  macula densa 
B)  juxtaglomerular cells 
C)  nephron loops 
D)  collecting ducts 
A)  macula densa 
B)  juxtaglomerular cells 
C)  nephron loops 
D)  collecting ducts

Question 17

The kidneys are located within peritoneum cavity of the abdomen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the location of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are partially protected by the floating ribs (11th and 12th pairs). 
B)  The left kidney is slightly lower than the right. 
C)  They are located between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen. 
D)  They are situated between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. 
A)  They are partially protected by the floating ribs (11th and 12th pairs). 
B)  The left kidney is slightly lower than the right. 
C)  They are located between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen. 
D)  They are situated between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.

Question 19

Urine formation involves three processes. Define them and name the regions of the nephron and blood supply involved in each process.

Accepted Answer

In glomerular filtration (1), blood ente

Question 20

A nephron consists of two parts:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle and renal tubule. 
B)  glomerulus and glomerular capsule. 
C)  proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomerulus and collecting duct. 
A)  renal corpuscle and renal tubule. 
B)  glomerulus and glomerular capsule. 
C)  proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomerulus and collecting duct.

Exam 25: The Urinary System

The movement of water and solutes across blood capillaries into the renal capsule is

Normally, urine is prevented from backing up into the ureters from a full bladder due to:

Each nephron consist of a renal corpuscle and a renal

The kidneys release glucose to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

The nephrons with long nephron loops and renal corpuscles next to the medulla are known as ________________ nephrons.

During an anatomy lab exam, Ava observed an unlabeled slide that she recognized as being a portion of a juxtamedullary nephron. She noted simple squamous epithelium along a narrow tube. What part(s) of the nephron could Ava have identified as having this type of cell lining? Select all that apply.

In severe cases of urinary incontinence, a suprapubic catheter (a tube placed in the bladder from the anterior abdominal wall) is used to aid in voiding urine. With the placement of this catheter, urine does not pass through the:

Describe the layers through which a substance will pass when moving from glomerular blood into filtrate of the capsular space.

The internal urethral sphincter is formed by circular smooth muscle. The external urethral sphincter is derived from voluntary skeletal muscle.

Which of the following structures normally transport blood? 1) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule 2) glomerulus 3) efferent arteriole 4) nephron loop (loop of Henle) 5) collecting duct 6) vasa recta

Potassium ions (K+) secreted from tubule cells into the tubular fluids help control blood pH.

How many layers of epithelial cells line the entire wall of the nephron from glomerular capsule to collecting duct?

The functional unit of the kidney is the ___________________.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consist of what structures? Select all that apply.

The kidneys are located within peritoneum cavity of the abdomen.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the location of the kidneys?

Urine formation involves three processes. Define them and name the regions of the nephron and blood supply involved in each process.

A nephron consists of two parts:

An Introduction to the Human Body

Cells

Tissues

Development

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic Lymphoid System and Immunity

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves

The Brain and the Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Senses and Motor Control

Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Reproductive Systems

Surface Anatomy

Filters

Potassium ions (K⁺) secreted from tubule cells into the tubular fluids help control blood pH.