Question 1

Why does using a correlated-groups design reduce error variability?

Accepted Answer

A)  The independent variable is stronger in a correlated-groups design than in a between-subjects design. 
B)  The dependent variable is stronger in a correlated-groups design than in a between-subjects design. 
C)  The correlated-groups design is better suited to multiple independent variables compared to the between-subjects design. 
D)  Error variability due to individual differences in participants is decreased in a correlated-groups design. 
A)  The independent variable is stronger in a correlated-groups design than in a between-subjects design. 
B)  The dependent variable is stronger in a correlated-groups design than in a between-subjects design. 
C)  The correlated-groups design is better suited to multiple independent variables compared to the between-subjects design. 
D)  Error variability due to individual differences in participants is decreased in a correlated-groups design.

Question 2

College students who were classified as either Type A or Type B personalities came to the lab and were frustrated by the experimenter (he gave them anagrams that were unsolvable). Then the experimenter gave them a new set of (solvable) anagrams and timed how long it took them to solve them (in minutes). The following data was obtained:
 GROUP $1 =$ Type A personality
GROUP $2 =$ Type $B$ personality
Variable $=$ time to solve the anagrams
$\begin{array} { l c l l } \text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D \ \text { GROUP 1 } & 10 & 5.34 & 1.194 \ \text { GROUP 2 } & 10 & 5.13 & 1.223 \end{array}$
$t = 1.67 \quad d f = 18 \quad p = 0.257 \quad$ Cohen's $d = .21$
-Write an APA-format conclusion.

Accepted Answer

People with Type A personality (M = 5.34

Question 3

College students who were classified as either Type A or Type B personalities came to the lab and were frustrated by the experimenter (he gave them anagrams that were unsolvable). Then the experimenter gave them a new set of (solvable) anagrams and timed how long it took them to solve them (in minutes). The following data was obtained:
 GROUP $1 =$ Type A personality
GROUP $2 =$ Type $B$ personality
Variable $=$ time to solve the anagrams
$\begin{array} { l c l l } \text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D \ \text { GROUP 1 } & 10 & 5.34 & 1.194 \ \text { GROUP 2 } & 10 & 5.13 & 1.223 \end{array}$
$t = 1.67 \quad d f = 18 \quad p = 0.257 \quad$ Cohen's $d = .21$
-Write an APA-format conclusion.

Accepted Answer

Participants who received the drug (M =

Question 4

A researcher has pairs of rat littermates and always assigns one littermate to the experimental group and one littermate to the control group. This researcher is using

Accepted Answer

A)  matched pairs. 
B)  natural pairs. 
C)  repeated measures pairs. 
D)  between subjects pairs. 
A)  matched pairs. 
B)  natural pairs. 
C)  repeated measures pairs. 
D)  between subjects pairs.

Question 5

Research participants in a two-group design who are measured and equated on some variable before the experiment are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated measures pairs. 
B)  matched pairs. 
C)  natural pairs. 
D)  between-subjects pairs. 
A)  repeated measures pairs. 
B)  matched pairs. 
C)  natural pairs. 
D)  between-subjects pairs.

Question 6

College students who were classified as either Type A or Type B personalities came to the lab and were frustrated by the experimenter (he gave them anagrams that were unsolvable). Then the experimenter gave them a new set of (solvable) anagrams and timed how long it took them to solve them (in minutes). The following data was obtained:
 GROUP $1 =$ Type A personality
GROUP $2 =$ Type $B$ personality
Variable $=$ time to solve the anagrams
$\begin{array} { l c l l } \text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D \ \text { GROUP 1 } & 10 & 5.34 & 1.194 \ \text { GROUP 2 } & 10 & 5.13 & 1.223 \end{array}$
$t = 1.67 \quad d f = 18 \quad p = 0.257 \quad$ Cohen's $d = .21$
-Is the effect size small, medium, or large? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

Cohen's d is .21, wh

Question 7

When we compare groups of participants who were randomly assigned to groups, we are making a

Accepted Answer

A)  within-subjects comparison. 
B)  between-subjects comparison. 
C)  correlated-subjects comparison. 
D)  matched-subjects comparison. 
A)  within-subjects comparison. 
B)  between-subjects comparison. 
C)  correlated-subjects comparison. 
D)  matched-subjects comparison.

Question 8

Roger conducts an experiment in which some participants receive therapy and others do not. The people who receive therapy are referred to as the _______ group, and the people who do not receive therapy are referred to as the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  control; experimental 
B)  experimental; control 
C)  independent; dependent 
D)  dependent; independent 
A)  control; experimental 
B)  experimental; control 
C)  independent; dependent 
D)  dependent; independent

Question 9

Questions refer to the following computer output in which a researcher measured anxiety in a sample before therapy and after therapy. Table 10-2
GROUP $1 =$ Before therapy
GROUP 2 = After therapy
Variable $=$ Anxiety scores

$\begin{array}{lllll}
\text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D & \text { Standard Error } \
\text { GROUP 1 } & 10 & 11.00 & 3.197 & 1.011 \
\text { GROUP 2 } & 10 & 8.90 & 3.573 & 1.130
\end{array}$

$\text { Mean difference }=2.100 \quad\quad\quad S D=1.287 \quad\quad\quad \text { Std Error }=0.417$

$\begin{array}{lll}
\text { Corr }=0.934 & p=0.000 & \
t=5.161 & d f=9 & p=0.001
\end{array}$
-Consult Table 10-2. The p-value is _______ than .05; therefore, we should conclude that there _______ a difference between the groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; is 
B)  less; is not 
C)  greater; is 
D)  greater; is not 
A)  less; is 
B)  less; is not 
C)  greater; is 
D)  greater; is not

Question 10

Which of the following is the most parsimonious experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  The one-group design 
B)  The two-group design 
C)  The three-group design 
D)  The 2 x 2 design 
A)  The one-group design 
B)  The two-group design 
C)  The three-group design 
D)  The 2 x 2 design

Question 11

Suppose you conducted an experiment with 20 participants in each group. What are the degrees of freedom in an independent-groups design? What are the degrees of freedom in a correlated-groups design?

Accepted Answer

In an independent-groups design, the deg

Question 12

In a _______ design, we generally have greater certainty regarding the equality of the groups before the experiment begins than with a _______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  between-subjects; correlated groups 
B)  positively correlated; negatively correlated 
C)  negatively correlated; positively correlated 
D)  correlated-groups; between-subjects 
A)  between-subjects; correlated groups 
B)  positively correlated; negatively correlated 
C)  negatively correlated; positively correlated 
D)  correlated-groups; between-subjects

Question 13

Distinguish between a between-subjects comparison and a within-subjects comparison.

Accepted Answer

A between-subjects comparison, also know

Question 14

College students who were classified as either Type A or Type B personalities came to the lab and were frustrated by the experimenter (he gave them anagrams that were unsolvable). Then the experimenter gave them a new set of (solvable) anagrams and timed how long it took them to solve them (in minutes). The following data was obtained:
 GROUP $1 =$ Type A personality
GROUP $2 =$ Type $B$ personality
Variable $=$ time to solve the anagrams
$\begin{array} { l c l l } \text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D \ \text { GROUP 1 } & 10 & 5.34 & 1.194 \ \text { GROUP 2 } & 10 & 5.13 & 1.223 \end{array}$
$t = 1.67 \quad d f = 18 \quad p = 0.257 \quad$ Cohen's $d = .21$
-What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of College students who were classified as either...

Question 15

Questions refer to the following computer output in which a researcher compared the GPA of traditional (aged 18-22) and nontraditional (aged 23 or older) students.
Table 10-1
GROUP $1 =$ Aged $18 - 22$
GROUP $2 =$ Aged 23 or older
Variable $=$ Grade point average

$\begin{array} { l c c c c } \text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D & \text { Standard Error } \ \text { GROUP 1 } & 15 & 2.95 & 0.556 & 0.143 \ \text { GROUP 2 } & 15 & 3.08 & 0.524 & 0.135 \end{array}$

$F _ { \max }$ test $\quad F = 0.225 \quad p = 0.639$
Equal Variances Assumed
$t = - 0.68 \quad d f = 28 \quad p = 0.509$
Equal Variances Not Assumed
$t = - 0.68 \quad d f = 27.90 \quad p = 0.509$
-Consult Table 10-1. The difference in means ______ significant; therefore, we conclude that the difference between the two means is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is; the independent variable 
B)  is; chance 
C)  is not; the independent variable 
D)  is not; chance 
A)  is; the independent variable 
B)  is; chance 
C)  is not; the independent variable 
D)  is not; chance

Question 16

Jamonn conducts a study in which one group of participants is randomly assigned to be in a 70-degree room, and another group of participants is randomly assigned to be in a 90-degree room. Jamonn will make a

Accepted Answer

A)  within-subjects comparison. 
B)  matched-subjects comparison. 
C)  between-subjects comparison. 
D)  correlated-subjects comparison. 
A)  within-subjects comparison. 
B)  matched-subjects comparison. 
C)  between-subjects comparison. 
D)  correlated-subjects comparison.

Question 17

College students who were classified as either Type A or Type B personalities came to the lab and were frustrated by the experimenter (he gave them anagrams that were unsolvable). Then the experimenter gave them a new set of (solvable) anagrams and timed how long it took them to solve them (in minutes). The following data was obtained:
 GROUP $1 =$ Type A personality
GROUP $2 =$ Type $B$ personality
Variable $=$ time to solve the anagrams
$\begin{array} { l c l l } \text { GROUP } & N & \text { Mean } & S D \ \text { GROUP 1 } & 10 & 5.34 & 1.194 \ \text { GROUP 2 } & 10 & 5.13 & 1.223 \end{array}$
$t = 1.67 \quad d f = 18 \quad p = 0.257 \quad$ Cohen's $d = .21$
-What kind of statistical analysis was used?

Accepted Answer

independen

Question 18

Describe the kind of data needed to conduct an independent samples t test.

Accepted Answer

An independent samples t-test, also know

Question 19

A ______ test can tolerate violations of its assumptions and still provide accurate answers.

Accepted Answer

A)  robust 
B)  parsimonious 
C)  heterogeneous 
D)  homogenous 
A)  robust 
B)  parsimonious 
C)  heterogeneous 
D)  homogenous

Question 20

Describe two circumstances under which you would prefer an independent-groups design over a correlated-groups design.

Accepted Answer

There are two main circumstances under w

Why does using a correlated-groups design reduce error variability?

A researcher has pairs of rat littermates and always assigns one littermate to the experimental group and one littermate to the control group. This researcher is using

Research participants in a two-group design who are measured and equated on some variable before the experiment are referred to as

When we compare groups of participants who were randomly assigned to groups, we are making a

Roger conducts an experiment in which some participants receive therapy and others do not. The people who receive therapy are referred to as the _ group, and the people who do not receive therapy are referred to as the __ group.

Which of the following is the most parsimonious experimental design?

Suppose you conducted an experiment with 20 participants in each group. What are the degrees of freedom in an independent-groups design? What are the degrees of freedom in a correlated-groups design?

In a _ design, we generally have greater certainty regarding the equality of the groups before the experiment begins than with a _ design.

Distinguish between a between-subjects comparison and a within-subjects comparison.

Jamonn conducts a study in which one group of participants is randomly assigned to be in a 70-degree room, and another group of participants is randomly assigned to be in a 90-degree room. Jamonn will make a

Describe the kind of data needed to conduct an independent samples t test.

A ______ test can tolerate violations of its assumptions and still provide accurate answers.

Describe two circumstances under which you would prefer an independent-groups design over a correlated-groups design.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 10: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Why does using a correlated-groups design reduce error variability?

A researcher has pairs of rat littermates and always assigns one littermate to the experimental group and one littermate to the control group. This researcher is using

Research participants in a two-group design who are measured and equated on some variable before the experiment are referred to as

When we compare groups of participants who were randomly assigned to groups, we are making a

Roger conducts an experiment in which some participants receive therapy and others do not. The people who receive therapy are referred to as the _______ group, and the people who do not receive therapy are referred to as the ________ group.

Which of the following is the most parsimonious experimental design?

Suppose you conducted an experiment with 20 participants in each group. What are the degrees of freedom in an independent-groups design? What are the degrees of freedom in a correlated-groups design?

In a _______ design, we generally have greater certainty regarding the equality of the groups before the experiment begins than with a _______ design.

Distinguish between a between-subjects comparison and a within-subjects comparison.

Jamonn conducts a study in which one group of participants is randomly assigned to be in a 70-degree room, and another group of participants is randomly assigned to be in a 90-degree room. Jamonn will make a

Describe the kind of data needed to conduct an independent samples t test.

A ______ test can tolerate violations of its assumptions and still provide accurate answers.

Describe two circumstances under which you would prefer an independent-groups design over a correlated-groups design.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Roger conducts an experiment in which some participants receive therapy and others do not. The people who receive therapy are referred to as the _ group, and the people who do not receive therapy are referred to as the __ group.

In a _ design, we generally have greater certainty regarding the equality of the groups before the experiment begins than with a _ design.