Question 1

Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of insulin causes hunger. 
B)  ketone levels rise in the blood. 
C)  polyuria causes dehydration. 
D)  glucosuria causes ketoacidosis. 
A)  lack of insulin causes hunger. 
B)  ketone levels rise in the blood. 
C)  polyuria causes dehydration. 
D)  glucosuria causes ketoacidosis.

Question 2

Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  myxedema. 
B)  Cushing's syndrome. 
C)  diabetes insipidus. 
D)  cretinism. 
E)  Graves' disease. 
A)  myxedema. 
B)  Cushing's syndrome. 
C)  diabetes insipidus. 
D)  cretinism. 
E)  Graves' disease.

Question 3

Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibition of an excessive stress response 
B)  Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction 
C)  Increased force of heart contraction 
D)  Vasodilation in skeletal muscle 
A)  Inhibition of an excessive stress response 
B)  Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction 
C)  Increased force of heart contraction 
D)  Vasodilation in skeletal muscle

Question 4

Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased thirst and hypoglycemia 
B)  Ketoacidosis 
C)  Osmotic pressure due to glucose 
D)  Diabetic nephropathy 
A)  Increased thirst and hypoglycemia 
B)  Ketoacidosis 
C)  Osmotic pressure due to glucose 
D)  Diabetic nephropathy

Question 5

Metabolic syndrome is marked by:

Accepted Answer

A)  abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. 
B)  periodic hypotension. 
C)  deficit of glucagon. 
D)  early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus. 
A)  abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. 
B)  periodic hypotension. 
C)  deficit of glucagon. 
D)  early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Question 6

Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes myxedema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased glucocorticoids 
B)  Decreased glucocorticoids 
C)  Deficit of ADH 
D)  Deficit of T3 and T4 
A)  Increased glucocorticoids 
B)  Decreased glucocorticoids 
C)  Deficit of ADH 
D)  Deficit of T3 and T4

Question 7

Immediate treatment for insulin shock may include:

Accepted Answer

A)  administration of bicarbonates. 
B)  consumption of fruit juice or candy. 
C)  induced vomiting. 
D)  consumption of large amounts of water. 
A)  administration of bicarbonates. 
B)  consumption of fruit juice or candy. 
C)  induced vomiting. 
D)  consumption of large amounts of water.

Question 8

What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased glucose production in the liver 
B)  Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction 
C)  Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action 
D)  Chronic obesity 
A)  Increased glucose production in the liver 
B)  Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction 
C)  Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action 
D)  Chronic obesity

Question 9

Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. 
B)  Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. 
C)  The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. 
D)  Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption. 
A)  Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. 
B)  Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. 
C)  The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. 
D)  Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.

Question 10

Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Heavy body and round face 
B)  Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs 
C)  Staring eyes with infrequent blinking 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes 
A)  Heavy body and round face 
B)  Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs 
C)  Staring eyes with infrequent blinking 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes

Question 11

Diabetic retinopathy results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  degeneration of large blood vessels supplying the eye. 
B)  abnormal metabolism in the lens of the eye. 
C)  neuropathy affecting the optic nerve. 
D)  obstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels. 
A)  degeneration of large blood vessels supplying the eye. 
B)  abnormal metabolism in the lens of the eye. 
C)  neuropathy affecting the optic nerve. 
D)  obstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels.

Question 12

Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strenuous exercise 
B)  Missing an insulin dose 
C)  Eating excessively large meals 
D)  Sedentary lifestyle 
A)  Strenuous exercise 
B)  Missing an insulin dose 
C)  Eating excessively large meals 
D)  Sedentary lifestyle

Question 13

Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cataracts. 
B)  macular degeneration. 
C)  myopia. 
D)  strabismus. 
A)  cataracts. 
B)  macular degeneration. 
C)  myopia. 
D)  strabismus.

Question 14

What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malignant neoplasm 
B)  Infection 
C)  Congenital defect 
D)  Benign tumor 
A)  Malignant neoplasm 
B)  Infection 
C)  Congenital defect 
D)  Benign tumor

Question 15

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and type 2 weight loss often occurs. 
B)  Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than does type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but type 2 diabetes requires insulin replacement. 
D)  Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults. 
A)  Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and type 2 weight loss often occurs. 
B)  Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than does type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but type 2 diabetes requires insulin replacement. 
D)  Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults.

Question 16

Why does hypocalcemia cause tetany?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle contractions are weaker. 
B)  Nerves to skeletal muscle are more excitable. 
C)  Calcium is not stored in skeletal muscle cells. 
D)  Serum phosphate levels are low. 
A)  Skeletal muscle contractions are weaker. 
B)  Nerves to skeletal muscle are more excitable. 
C)  Calcium is not stored in skeletal muscle cells. 
D)  Serum phosphate levels are low.

Question 17

Which signs are typical of Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy 
B)  Exophthalmos and tachycardia 
C)  delayed physical and intellectual development 
D)  Goiter and decreased basal metabolic rate (BMR) 
A)  Facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy 
B)  Exophthalmos and tachycardia 
C)  delayed physical and intellectual development 
D)  Goiter and decreased basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 18

Which of the following applies to oxytocin?
1) It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery.
2) It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation.
3) It stimulates mammary gland production of milk.
4) It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 19

Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type 1 diabetic patients 
B)  Type 2 diabetic patients 
C)  Patients with a poor stress response 
D)  Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan 
A)  Type 1 diabetic patients 
B)  Type 2 diabetic patients 
C)  Patients with a poor stress response 
D)  Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan

Question 20

All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  digestive system. 
C)  exercising skeletal muscle. 
D)  brain. 
A)  liver. 
B)  digestive system. 
C)  exercising skeletal muscle. 
D)  brain.

Exam 16: Endocrine System Disorders

Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with:

Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus?

Metabolic syndrome is marked by:

Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes myxedema?

Immediate treatment for insulin shock may include:

What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:

Diabetic retinopathy results from:

Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop?

Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as:

What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders?

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

Why does hypocalcemia cause tetany?

Which signs are typical of Graves' disease?

Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1) It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2) It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3) It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4) It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently?

All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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