Question 1

A prolonged state of metabolic acidosis often leads to:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypokalemia. 
B)  hyperkalemia. 
C)  hyponatremia. 
D)  hypercalcemia. 
A)  hypokalemia. 
B)  hyperkalemia. 
C)  hyponatremia. 
D)  hypercalcemia.

Question 2

Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of the thirst mechanism 
B)  Excessive sweating 
C)  Excessive aldosterone secretion 
D)  Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations 
A)  Loss of the thirst mechanism 
B)  Excessive sweating 
C)  Excessive aldosterone secretion 
D)  Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations

Question 3

In the initial stage, vomiting results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  None of the above

Question 4

The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Digestive system 
B)  Urinary system 
C)  Nervous system 
D)  Respiratory system 
A)  Digestive system 
B)  Urinary system 
C)  Nervous system 
D)  Respiratory system

Question 5

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities. 
B)  All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys. 
C)  The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant. 
D)  The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20. 
A)  Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities. 
B)  All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys. 
C)  The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant. 
D)  The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20.

Question 6

Compensation for respiratory system depression due to anesthesia and sedation would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys. 
B)  increased secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate. 
C)  increased respiratory rate and depth. 
D)  increased renin secretion. 
A)  decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys. 
B)  increased secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate. 
C)  increased respiratory rate and depth. 
D)  increased renin secretion.

Question 7

The control center for thirst is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  kidneys. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 8

Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
1) Low serum phosphate levels
2) Nausea and constipation
3) Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
4) Weak cardiac contractions

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 3, 4

Question 9

What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate ion levels decrease 
B)  Bicarbonate ion levels increase 
C)  Carbonic acid levels increase 
D)  pH increases 
A)  Bicarbonate ion levels decrease 
B)  Bicarbonate ion levels increase 
C)  Carbonic acid levels increase 
D)  pH increases

Question 10

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Accepted Answer

A)  perspiration only. 
B)  feces only. 
C)  perspiration and expiration. 
D)  urine and feces. 
A)  perspiration only. 
B)  feces only. 
C)  perspiration and expiration. 
D)  urine and feces.

A prolonged state of metabolic acidosis often leads to:

Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?

In the initial stage, vomiting results in:

The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

Compensation for respiratory system depression due to anesthesia and sedation would be:

The control center for thirst is located in the:

Which of the following results from hypocalcemia? 1) Low serum phosphate levels 2) Nausea and constipation 3) Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms 4) Weak cardiac contractions

What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

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Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

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Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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Exam 2: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

A prolonged state of metabolic acidosis often leads to:

Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?

In the initial stage, vomiting results in:

The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

Compensation for respiratory system depression due to anesthesia and sedation would be:

The control center for thirst is located in the:

Which of the following results from hypocalcemia? 1) Low serum phosphate levels 2) Nausea and constipation 3) Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms 4) Weak cardiac contractions

What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters