Question 1

According to the principles on enhancing reliability described in the text, it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward

Accepted Answer

A)  lumber tariffs. 
B)  casual sexual encounters. 
C)  outgroup members. 
D)  the self (like self-esteem). 
A)  lumber tariffs. 
B)  casual sexual encounters. 
C)  outgroup members. 
D)  the self (like self-esteem).

Question 2

A major disadvantage of L data is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they provide too much information. 
B)  informants may have access to only a narrow range of the target's behavior. 
C)  the data are influenced by multiple factors besides just personality. 
D)  judges may be biased about the person they are describing. 
A)  they provide too much information. 
B)  informants may have access to only a narrow range of the target's behavior. 
C)  the data are influenced by multiple factors besides just personality. 
D)  judges may be biased about the person they are describing.

Question 3

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds, researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits. Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personalities. This is an example of ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  S 
B)  I 
C)  L 
D)  B 
A)  S 
B)  I 
C)  L 
D)  B

Question 4

What you do may be influenced by how you see yourself and how you are seen by others. This means that your self-perceptions and others' perceptions have

Accepted Answer

A)  definitional truth. 
B)  causal truth. 
C)  phenomenological force. 
D)  causal force. 
A)  definitional truth. 
B)  causal truth. 
C)  phenomenological force. 
D)  causal force.

Question 5

On Friday, Terence completes the Self-Monitoring Scale and receives a score of 49. On the following Tuesday, he fills out the scale again and receives a score of 28. Terence's scores on the Self-Monitoring Scale do not appear to be

Accepted Answer

A)  valid. 
B)  reliable. 
C)  significant. 
D)  free of unwanted biases. 
A)  valid. 
B)  reliable. 
C)  significant. 
D)  free of unwanted biases.

Question 6

Reliability is ________ for validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  a necessary and sufficient condition 
B)  a necessary but not sufficient condition 
C)  a sufficient condition 
D)  not at all relevant 
A)  a necessary and sufficient condition 
B)  a necessary but not sufficient condition 
C)  a sufficient condition 
D)  not at all relevant

Question 7

Dr. Grant is creating a new measure of shyness, and she decides to include more than one item in her scale. She believes that using multiple items will lead to a more reliable measure. Dr. Grant is following which principle of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  multitrait assessment 
B)  content validation 
C)  aggregation 
D)  construct validation 
A)  multitrait assessment 
B)  content validation 
C)  aggregation 
D)  construct validation

Question 8

The strongest advantage of the experimental method is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows the assessment of causality. 
B)  it allows the study of naturally occurring individual differences that already exist in the participants. 
C)  participants are always randomly sampled from the general population. 
D)  it can take advantage of extreme levels of the independent variable. 
A)  it allows the assessment of causality. 
B)  it allows the study of naturally occurring individual differences that already exist in the participants. 
C)  participants are always randomly sampled from the general population. 
D)  it can take advantage of extreme levels of the independent variable.

Question 9

The Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach test elicit ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  L 
B)  I 
C)  S 
D)  B 
A)  L 
B)  I 
C)  S 
D)  B

Question 10

If you can get the same answer repeatedly, then your measure is

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable. 
B)  valid. 
C)  significant. 
D)  generalizable. 
A)  reliable. 
B)  valid. 
C)  significant. 
D)  generalizable.

Question 11

Janelle recently completed a new test that was designed to measure her IQ. She took the test twice and each time received the same score. The test administrator told her that her scores indicate she is extremely intelligent. However, Janelle scored well below average when she completed the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), two well-established intelligence tests. Based on this pattern of results, it appears that the new measure of IQ was a

Accepted Answer

A)  valid measure of intelligence. 
B)  valid but unreliable measure of intelligence. 
C)  reliable but not valid measure of intelligence. 
D)  more accurate measure of intelligence than the Stanford-Binet or the WAIS. 
A)  valid measure of intelligence. 
B)  valid but unreliable measure of intelligence. 
C)  reliable but not valid measure of intelligence. 
D)  more accurate measure of intelligence than the Stanford-Binet or the WAIS.

Question 12

What is one advantage of collecting descriptions of a participant's personality from his or her acquaintances?

Accepted Answer

A)  The acquaintances are likely smarter. 
B)  The acquaintances' descriptions of the participant are likely based on many behaviors in many situations. 
C)  The acquaintances are likely more accurate in judging the participant's internal state. 
D)  There is little to no bias with acquaintance descriptions. 
A)  The acquaintances are likely smarter. 
B)  The acquaintances' descriptions of the participant are likely based on many behaviors in many situations. 
C)  The acquaintances are likely more accurate in judging the participant's internal state. 
D)  There is little to no bias with acquaintance descriptions.

Question 13

At the heart of aggregation is the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  random errors cancel each other out. 
B)  random errors never cancel each other out. 
C)  reliable errors cancel each other out. 
D)  a sufficiently precise measure has no reliable error. 
A)  random errors cancel each other out. 
B)  random errors never cancel each other out. 
C)  reliable errors cancel each other out. 
D)  a sufficiently precise measure has no reliable error.

Question 14

A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  S and B 
B)  L and B 
C)  I and B 
D)  S and L 
A)  S and B 
B)  L and B 
C)  I and B 
D)  S and L

Question 15

Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?

Accepted Answer

A)  observations of the number of times a subject told a joke in a day 
B)  number of seconds a subject waits before seeking help in an experimental emergency situation 
C)  a subject's verbal responses to a Rorschach test 
D)  number of times a subject interrupts others during a videotaped laboratory situation 
A)  observations of the number of times a subject told a joke in a day 
B)  number of seconds a subject waits before seeking help in an experimental emergency situation 
C)  a subject's verbal responses to a Rorschach test 
D)  number of times a subject interrupts others during a videotaped laboratory situation

Question 16

Which of the following sampling methods affords a researcher the greatest generalizability?

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly selecting a sample of introductory psychology students 
B)  randomly selecting a sample of both high school and college students 
C)  recruiting all the executives at a large company to participate 
D)  collaborating with researchers from other countries to recruit participants from outside the country 
A)  randomly selecting a sample of introductory psychology students 
B)  randomly selecting a sample of both high school and college students 
C)  recruiting all the executives at a large company to participate 
D)  collaborating with researchers from other countries to recruit participants from outside the country

Question 17

According to the text, accidental mistakes in judging personality are considered ________, whereas inaccurate judgments that are influenced by prejudices are considered ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  biases; stereotypes 
B)  heuristic errors; formal errors 
C)  errors; biases 
D)  trivial; serious 
A)  biases; stereotypes 
B)  heuristic errors; formal errors 
C)  errors; biases 
D)  trivial; serious

Question 18

________ data derive from the researcher's direct observation of what the subject does.

Accepted Answer

A)  L 
B)  I 
C)  S 
D)  B 
A)  L 
B)  I 
C)  S 
D)  B

Question 19

The technical meaning of reliability refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  how much measurement error is present in your assessment instrument. 
B)  whether an instrument accurately assesses the construct it is intended to measure. 
C)  whether an instrument correlates with a similar measure of the same construct. 
D)  whether a sample of participants reasonably represents the population of interest. 
A)  how much measurement error is present in your assessment instrument. 
B)  whether an instrument accurately assesses the construct it is intended to measure. 
C)  whether an instrument correlates with a similar measure of the same construct. 
D)  whether a sample of participants reasonably represents the population of interest.

Question 20

The fact that behavior is frequently determined by multiple causes presents the most significant disadvantage for ________ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  B 
B)  L 
C)  I 
D)  S 
A)  B 
B)  L 
C)  I 
D)  S

According to the principles on enhancing reliability described in the text, it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward

A major disadvantage of L data is that

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds, researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits. Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personalities. This is an example of ________ data.

What you do may be influenced by how you see yourself and how you are seen by others. This means that your self-perceptions and others' perceptions have

On Friday, Terence completes the Self-Monitoring Scale and receives a score of 49. On the following Tuesday, he fills out the scale again and receives a score of 28. Terence's scores on the Self-Monitoring Scale do not appear to be

Reliability is ________ for validity.

Dr. Grant is creating a new measure of shyness, and she decides to include more than one item in her scale. She believes that using multiple items will lead to a more reliable measure. Dr. Grant is following which principle of measurement?

The strongest advantage of the experimental method is that

The Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach test elicit ________ data.

If you can get the same answer repeatedly, then your measure is

What is one advantage of collecting descriptions of a participant's personality from his or her acquaintances?

At the heart of aggregation is the idea that

A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?

Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?

Which of the following sampling methods affords a researcher the greatest generalizability?

According to the text, accidental mistakes in judging personality are considered , whereas inaccurate judgments that are influenced by prejudices are considered .

________ data derive from the researcher's direct observation of what the subject does.

The technical meaning of reliability refers to

The fact that behavior is frequently determined by multiple causes presents the most significant disadvantage for ________ data.

The Study of the Person

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 2: Personality Research Methods

According to the principles on enhancing reliability described in the text, it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward

A major disadvantage of L data is that

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds, researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits. Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personalities. This is an example of ________ data.

What you do may be influenced by how you see yourself and how you are seen by others. This means that your self-perceptions and others' perceptions have

On Friday, Terence completes the Self-Monitoring Scale and receives a score of 49. On the following Tuesday, he fills out the scale again and receives a score of 28. Terence's scores on the Self-Monitoring Scale do not appear to be

Reliability is ________ for validity.

Dr. Grant is creating a new measure of shyness, and she decides to include more than one item in her scale. She believes that using multiple items will lead to a more reliable measure. Dr. Grant is following which principle of measurement?

The strongest advantage of the experimental method is that

The Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach test elicit ________ data.

If you can get the same answer repeatedly, then your measure is

What is one advantage of collecting descriptions of a participant's personality from his or her acquaintances?

At the heart of aggregation is the idea that

A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?

Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?

Which of the following sampling methods affords a researcher the greatest generalizability?

According to the text, accidental mistakes in judging personality are considered ________, whereas inaccurate judgments that are influenced by prejudices are considered ________.

________ data derive from the researcher's direct observation of what the subject does.

The technical meaning of reliability refers to

The fact that behavior is frequently determined by multiple causes presents the most significant disadvantage for ________ data.

The Study of the Person

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

According to the text, accidental mistakes in judging personality are considered , whereas inaccurate judgments that are influenced by prejudices are considered .