Question 1

Enculturation begins with the development of self-awareness,which may be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to assume social roles. 
B) the ability to identify oneself as an object,to react and appraise oneself. 
C) the process by which the self adapts to a particular environment. 
D) the process by which an individual identifies right and wrong. 
E) the belief that one has lived a previous life. 
A) the ability to assume social roles. 
B) the ability to identify oneself as an object,to react and appraise oneself. 
C) the process by which the self adapts to a particular environment. 
D) the process by which an individual identifies right and wrong. 
E) the belief that one has lived a previous life.

Question 2

Why is the concept of normality different from culture to culture?

Accepted Answer

The concept of normality is different fr

Question 3

Contrast dependence with independence training.Identify societies where each would be expected and explain why.Have inconsistencies developed? If so,explain why?

Accepted Answer

Dependence training and independence tra

Question 4

Childrearing practices that encourage compliance in performing tasks and dependence upon the group rather than on the individual is called:

Accepted Answer

A) enculturation training. 
B) independence training. 
C) dependence training. 
D) transference training. 
E) community training. 
A) enculturation training. 
B) independence training. 
C) dependence training. 
D) transference training. 
E) community training.

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the idea that character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society are representative of the values that culture embraces?

Accepted Answer

A) National cultural traits 
B) Modal personality 
C) National personality 
D) Social conformity models 
E) Community training 
A) National cultural traits 
B) Modal personality 
C) National personality 
D) Social conformity models 
E) Community training

Question 6

All cultures practice gender bending (creating more than two gender categories)as a way of dealing with different types of sexual categories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An ethnic psychosis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) a psychotic episode experienced by a person from an exotic culture. 
B) a progressive disease that strikes anthropologists when they spend more than 12 months in the field. 
C) a psychosis characterized by symptoms peculiar to a particular group. 
D) a universal form of mental illness. 
E) a biologically-based disease that resembles schizophrenia. 
A) a psychotic episode experienced by a person from an exotic culture. 
B) a progressive disease that strikes anthropologists when they spend more than 12 months in the field. 
C) a psychosis characterized by symptoms peculiar to a particular group. 
D) a universal form of mental illness. 
E) a biologically-based disease that resembles schizophrenia.

Question 8

An alternative to the concept of national character is:

Accepted Answer

A) modal personality. 
B) core values. 
C) stereotyping. 
D) group personality. 
E) independence training. 
A) modal personality. 
B) core values. 
C) stereotyping. 
D) group personality. 
E) independence training.

Question 9

No discussion of culture and personality would be complete without considering national character studies.What are national character studies? Describe why and how they came about.Discuss their shortcomings.

Accepted Answer

National character studies are a branch

Question 10

Several years ago,the Italian tourism minister commented on the "typical characteristics" of Germans,causing a huge controversy as to whether or not a people could be labeled.This labeling and grouping is called:

Accepted Answer

A) modal personality. 
B) national character. 
C) stereotype. 
D) group personality. 
E) independence training. 
A) modal personality. 
B) national character. 
C) stereotype. 
D) group personality. 
E) independence training.

Question 11

Using examples from the chapter,how do cultures change their attitudes toward mental illnesses through time?

Accepted Answer

Cultures change their attitudes toward m

Question 12

How do group and modal personality relate to each other?

Accepted Answer

Group personality and modal personality

Question 13

Discuss cross-cultural gender models,explaining how various cultures view genders differently.Give specific examples to illustrate your thoughts.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural gender models vary widely

Question 14

In today's Native American societies,the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) berdache. 
B) gay. 
C) passive homosexual. 
D) two-spirit. 
E) effeminate. 
A) berdache. 
B) gay. 
C) passive homosexual. 
D) two-spirit. 
E) effeminate.

Question 15

The underlying structure of a mental illness may be the same,but it is expressed in a culturally-specific manner.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why is personality important in the development of culture?

Accepted Answer

Personality is important in the developm

Question 17

Compare and contrast dependence and independence training.

Accepted Answer

Dependence training and independence tra

Question 18

The author of the original study "The Blessed Curse" wrote,"From a very early age I was presented with two different and conflicting views of myself." What did the author mean by this? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The author of the original study "The Bl

Question 19

The personality typical of a society,as indicated by the central tendency of a defined frequency distribution,is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a core value. 
B) a nuclear personality. 
C) a pattern of affect. 
D) culture and personality. 
E) a modal personality. 
A) a core value. 
B) a nuclear personality. 
C) a pattern of affect. 
D) culture and personality. 
E) a modal personality.

Question 20

What are the agents of enculturation?

Accepted Answer

Enculturation is the process by which in

Exam 16: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Enculturation begins with the development of self-awareness,which may be defined as:

Why is the concept of normality different from culture to culture?

Contrast dependence with independence training.Identify societies where each would be expected and explain why.Have inconsistencies developed? If so,explain why?

Childrearing practices that encourage compliance in performing tasks and dependence upon the group rather than on the individual is called:

Which of the following refers to the idea that character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society are representative of the values that culture embraces?

All cultures practice gender bending (creating more than two gender categories)as a way of dealing with different types of sexual categories.

An ethnic psychosis refers to:

An alternative to the concept of national character is:

No discussion of culture and personality would be complete without considering national character studies.What are national character studies? Describe why and how they came about.Discuss their shortcomings.

Several years ago,the Italian tourism minister commented on the "typical characteristics" of Germans,causing a huge controversy as to whether or not a people could be labeled.This labeling and grouping is called:

Using examples from the chapter,how do cultures change their attitudes toward mental illnesses through time?

How do group and modal personality relate to each other?

Discuss cross-cultural gender models,explaining how various cultures view genders differently.Give specific examples to illustrate your thoughts.

In today's Native American societies,the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" is known as:

The underlying structure of a mental illness may be the same,but it is expressed in a culturally-specific manner.

Why is personality important in the development of culture?

Compare and contrast dependence and independence training.

The author of the original study "The Blessed Curse" wrote,"From a very early age I was presented with two different and conflicting views of myself." What did the author mean by this? Explain.

The personality typical of a society,as indicated by the central tendency of a defined frequency distribution,is called:

What are the agents of enculturation?

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

From First Primates to First Bipeds

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Characteristics of Culture

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Language and Communication

Patterns of Subsistence

Economic Systems

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

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