Question 1

People share the same culture if they:

Accepted Answer

A) are dependent on each other for survival. 
B) are able to interpret and predict each other's actions. 
C) live in the same territory. 
D) behave in an identical manner. 
E) have the same last name. 
A) are dependent on each other for survival. 
B) are able to interpret and predict each other's actions. 
C) live in the same territory. 
D) behave in an identical manner. 
E) have the same last name. B

Question 2

How can ethnocentrism be maladaptive?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism can be maladaptive in several ways, as it often leads to a lack of understanding, cooperation, and respect among people from different cultural backgrounds. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture, ethnic group, or nation is superior to others. This viewpoint can have several negative consequences:

1. **Conflict and Tension**: Ethnocentrism can create an us-versus-them mentality, leading to tension and conflict between different cultural groups. When individuals or groups believe their culture is superior, they may dismiss or devalue other cultures, which can lead to misunderstandings and hostility.

2. **Impaired Communication**: Effective communication relies on understanding and respecting cultural differences. Ethnocentrism can impair communication as it may cause individuals to be less willing to engage with or listen to people from other cultures, potentially leading to miscommunication and breakdowns in dialogue.

3. **Discrimination and Inequality**: Ethnocentric attitudes can contribute to discrimination and social inequality. When a dominant group believes in its own cultural superiority, it may enact policies or engage in practices that marginalize or oppress other groups, leading to systemic inequality.

4. **Obstacle to Integration and Cooperation**: In a globalized world, cooperation among different nations and cultures is essential. Ethnocentrism can be a significant barrier to this cooperation, as it can prevent the sharing of ideas, resources, and solutions to global problems.

5. **Hindrance to Personal and Professional Growth**: On a personal level, ethnocentrism can limit an individual's growth and opportunities. By not appreciating other cultures, individuals may miss out on learning from diverse perspectives and experiences, which can be detrimental in both personal development and professional environments that value cultural competence.

6. **Stifling Innovation and Creativity**: Diverse cultural perspectives can lead to innovation and creativity. Ethnocentrism can stifle these by creating a closed-minded approach that resists new ideas and ways of thinking that are outside the norms of one's own culture.

7. **Resistance to Change and Adaptation**: Cultures evolve and change over time, often as a result of interactions with other cultures. Ethnocentrism can create resistance to change, making it difficult for a society to adapt to new circumstances or to adopt beneficial practices from other cultures.

8. **Negative Impact on Global Challenges**: Many of the challenges faced in the world today, such as climate change, pandemics, and economic crises, require a collaborative approach. Ethnocentrism can hinder the global response to such challenges by prioritizing national or cultural interests over collective action.

In summary, ethnocentrism can be maladaptive because it fosters division, hinders communication and cooperation, perpetuates discrimination and inequality, and limits personal, professional, and societal growth and adaptation. To foster a more harmonious and productive global society, it is important to cultivate cultural relativism, which involves understanding and valuing cultural differences, and to promote intercultural dialogue and collaboration.

Question 3

Because of the objectivity of anthropological training,anthropologists are able to eliminate the biases that might affect their descriptions of culture in the field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

The cultural definitions of what it means to be a male or female today:

Accepted Answer

A) are determined by biological differences. 
B) are independent of biological differences. 
C) stem from biological differences that are less significant today. 
D) developed about 60 million years ago when our species first emerged. 
E) have no relationship to sex. 
A) are determined by biological differences. 
B) are independent of biological differences. 
C) stem from biological differences that are less significant today. 
D) developed about 60 million years ago when our species first emerged. 
E) have no relationship to sex.

Question 5

Using the example of the Kapauku Papuans,explain the idea that culture is "integrated." Illustrate the concept of the integration of culture with another example as well.

Accepted Answer

The Kapauku Papuans, a tribe in Papua Ne

Question 6

What is the "barrel model of culture"?

Accepted Answer

The "barrel model of culture," also know

Question 7

A society's economic base is part of the superstructure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the relationship between sex and gender is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Sex is the same as gender. 
B) Sex refers to physical differences between males and females,whereas gender refers to the cultural meanings assigned to sex. 
C) Sexual differences are biological;gender differences depend on cultural definition. 
D) Gender differences began with human culture,several million years ago. 
E) The biological differences between males and females have decreased since the time of the earliest humans. 
A) Sex is the same as gender. 
B) Sex refers to physical differences between males and females,whereas gender refers to the cultural meanings assigned to sex. 
C) Sexual differences are biological;gender differences depend on cultural definition. 
D) Gender differences began with human culture,several million years ago. 
E) The biological differences between males and females have decreased since the time of the earliest humans.

Question 9

What percentage of cosmetic procedures and nonsurgical procedures were done on women in the United States in 2011?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 
B) 91 
C) 83 
D) 61 
E) 47 
A) 100 
B) 91 
C) 83 
D) 61 
E) 47

Question 10

All of the following are long-term challenges associated with high-yield marginal farmlands in the U.S.except:

Accepted Answer

A) loss of topsoil. 
B) high cost of fossil fuel. 
C) decreasing salinity of soil. 
D) silting of irrigation works. 
E) high cost of fresh water. 
A) loss of topsoil. 
B) high cost of fossil fuel. 
C) decreasing salinity of soil. 
D) silting of irrigation works. 
E) high cost of fresh water.

Question 11

Cattle herding is the mainstay around which all of Kapauku Papuan society revolves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Discuss the role of culture in architecture.

Accepted Answer

Culture plays a significant role in arch

Question 13

All of the following are common causes of cultural change except:

Accepted Answer

A) ecological shifts. 
B) cultural relativism. 
C) foreign invasion. 
D) new trade goods. 
E) new technology. 
A) ecological shifts. 
B) cultural relativism. 
C) foreign invasion. 
D) new trade goods. 
E) new technology.

Question 14

What did Malinowski mean by biological,instrumental,and integrative needs that must be resolved by culture?

Accepted Answer

Malinowski, a prominent anthropologist,

Question 15

The Amish may be used as an example of subcultural variation because:

Accepted Answer

A) they are racially different. 
B) they share the values of thrift,hard work,independence,and close family ties that Americans respect. 
C) they maintain a distinctive way of life that emphasizes agrarian living and loyalty to fellow Amish rather than to the state. 
D) they participate in a rite of passage called rumschpringe. 
E) they have their own church and do not speak English. 
A) they are racially different. 
B) they share the values of thrift,hard work,independence,and close family ties that Americans respect. 
C) they maintain a distinctive way of life that emphasizes agrarian living and loyalty to fellow Amish rather than to the state. 
D) they participate in a rite of passage called rumschpringe. 
E) they have their own church and do not speak English.

Question 16

Distinguish between a nation and a state.

Accepted Answer

A nation is a group of people who share

Question 17

What is the role of the individual in culture?

Accepted Answer

The role of the individual in culture is

Question 18

The ability to build homes and make clothing to insulate us against cold environments is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) physiological adaptation. 
B) evolutionary adaptation. 
C) physical adaptation. 
D) cultural adaptation. 
E) congenital adaptation. 
A) physiological adaptation. 
B) evolutionary adaptation. 
C) physical adaptation. 
D) cultural adaptation. 
E) congenital adaptation.

Question 19

Every culture provides its members ways to think of the meaning of life and death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A culture must strike a balance between the needs and desires of the individual and those of society as a whole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Characteristics of Culture

People share the same culture if they:

How can ethnocentrism be maladaptive?

Because of the objectivity of anthropological training,anthropologists are able to eliminate the biases that might affect their descriptions of culture in the field.

The cultural definitions of what it means to be a male or female today:

Using the example of the Kapauku Papuans,explain the idea that culture is "integrated." Illustrate the concept of the integration of culture with another example as well.

What is the "barrel model of culture"?

A society's economic base is part of the superstructure.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between sex and gender is incorrect?

What percentage of cosmetic procedures and nonsurgical procedures were done on women in the United States in 2011?

All of the following are long-term challenges associated with high-yield marginal farmlands in the U.S.except:

Cattle herding is the mainstay around which all of Kapauku Papuan society revolves.

Discuss the role of culture in architecture.

All of the following are common causes of cultural change except:

What did Malinowski mean by biological,instrumental,and integrative needs that must be resolved by culture?

The Amish may be used as an example of subcultural variation because:

Distinguish between a nation and a state.

What is the role of the individual in culture?

The ability to build homes and make clothing to insulate us against cold environments is a(n):

Every culture provides its members ways to think of the meaning of life and death.

A culture must strike a balance between the needs and desires of the individual and those of society as a whole.

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

From First Primates to First Bipeds

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Language and Communication

Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Patterns of Subsistence

Economic Systems

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

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