Question 1

How has technology affected the informal economy? Discuss the impact of Internet shopping sites such as eBay on the global marketplace.

Accepted Answer

Technology has had a significant impact on the informal economy, particularly through the rise of Internet shopping sites such as eBay. These platforms have provided individuals with the opportunity to buy and sell goods and services on a global scale, effectively expanding the reach of the informal economy.

One of the key impacts of Internet shopping sites like eBay on the global marketplace is the democratization of commerce. These platforms have allowed individuals from all over the world to participate in the global economy, breaking down traditional barriers to entry. This has enabled small businesses and entrepreneurs to reach a much larger customer base than was previously possible, thereby contributing to the growth of the informal economy.

Additionally, the rise of Internet shopping sites has also facilitated the growth of the gig economy. Many individuals now use platforms like eBay to sell their skills and services, such as freelance writing, graphic design, or consulting. This has allowed for greater flexibility in employment and has provided opportunities for individuals to generate income outside of traditional employment structures.

Furthermore, the accessibility and convenience of Internet shopping sites have also impacted consumer behavior, leading to changes in the way people buy and sell goods. With the ability to easily compare prices and access a wide range of products, consumers are now more empowered to make informed purchasing decisions. This has led to increased competition in the global marketplace, forcing businesses to adapt and innovate in order to remain competitive.

Overall, the impact of Internet shopping sites like eBay on the global marketplace has been profound. These platforms have not only expanded the reach of the informal economy but have also transformed the way individuals and businesses engage in commerce. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that the informal economy will continue to be shaped by these platforms, further blurring the lines between formal and informal economic activity.

Question 2

Rosita Worl is a Native American anthropologist who now works to encourage traditional communities to enter the global market and put aside their less profit-oriented economic ventures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Tools tend to be fewer and simpler among:

Accepted Answer

A) mobile food foragers and pastoralists. 
B) semi-permanent horticulturalists. 
C) sedentary agriculturalists. 
D) wealthy industrialists. 
E) rice farmers. 
A) mobile food foragers and pastoralists. 
B) semi-permanent horticulturalists. 
C) sedentary agriculturalists. 
D) wealthy industrialists. 
E) rice farmers. A

Question 4

What is task specialization,and how has it changed over the course of generations in your own family? Compare your generation with that of your parents' and grandparents'.

Accepted Answer

Task specialization refers to the divisi

Question 5

Leveling mechanisms are:

Accepted Answer

A) more common in hunter-gatherer societies than in horticultural societies. 
B) associated with one family becoming wealthier than others. 
C) found in communities where property is not allowed to threaten egalitarian social order. 
D) more common in industrial societies than in agricultural societies. 
E) no longer in existence. 
A) more common in hunter-gatherer societies than in horticultural societies. 
B) associated with one family becoming wealthier than others. 
C) found in communities where property is not allowed to threaten egalitarian social order. 
D) more common in industrial societies than in agricultural societies. 
E) no longer in existence.

Question 6

What are the productive resources that all societies must organize according to culturally appropriate rules?

Accepted Answer

All societies must organize several prod

Question 7

Why is understanding economic transactions essential to a full understanding of culture?

Accepted Answer

Understanding economic transactions is e

Question 8

Among the Ju/'hoansi:

Accepted Answer

A) children are expected to contribute to subsistence from the time they reach puberty (around 14 or 15). 
B) elderly people past the age of 60 are expected to contribute hunted or gathered food to the group,as they are being taken care of by others now. 
C) elderly people are a valuable source of knowledge and wisdom about hunting and gathering and are consulted regularly. 
D) elderly people are taken care of grudgingly because after the age of 60 they contribute nothing to the group. 
E) children are expected to set up their own separate households by the time they are 16. 
A) children are expected to contribute to subsistence from the time they reach puberty (around 14 or 15). 
B) elderly people past the age of 60 are expected to contribute hunted or gathered food to the group,as they are being taken care of by others now. 
C) elderly people are a valuable source of knowledge and wisdom about hunting and gathering and are consulted regularly. 
D) elderly people are taken care of grudgingly because after the age of 60 they contribute nothing to the group. 
E) children are expected to set up their own separate households by the time they are 16.

Question 9

Among food foragers such as the Ju/'hoansi:

Accepted Answer

A) Among food foragers such as the Ju/'hoansi: 
B) land is thought of as belonging to those who have bought it. 
C) land is considered private property;however,the owner wants to share in order to be part of the band. 
D) land is owned by the ancestors,and the living only use it. 
E) land is leased by a corporation of strangers who support the survival of the foraging lifestyle. 
A) Among food foragers such as the Ju/'hoansi: 
B) land is thought of as belonging to those who have bought it. 
C) land is considered private property;however,the owner wants to share in order to be part of the band. 
D) land is owned by the ancestors,and the living only use it. 
E) land is leased by a corporation of strangers who support the survival of the foraging lifestyle.

Question 10

The U.S.system of paying income taxes every April is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) generalized reciprocity. 
B) balanced reciprocity. 
C) negative reciprocity. 
D) redistribution. 
E) market exchange. 
A) generalized reciprocity. 
B) balanced reciprocity. 
C) negative reciprocity. 
D) redistribution. 
E) market exchange.

Question 11

What is money,and what different kinds of money have existed historically? Discuss at least one alternative example.

Accepted Answer

Money is a medium of exchange that is us

Question 12

Balanced reciprocity:

Accepted Answer

A) is part of a long-term process in which nothing is specified about what is expected in return or when it is expected. 
B) involves the expectation of a specific and immediate exchange. 
C) usually occurs between members of different communities who may have a hostile,distrustful relationship. 
D) is exemplified by your stopping to give a stranger a lift,and replying,when he thanks you,"Pass it on to the next stranger you meet who needs your help." 
E) does not occur in industrial societies. 
A) is part of a long-term process in which nothing is specified about what is expected in return or when it is expected. 
B) involves the expectation of a specific and immediate exchange. 
C) usually occurs between members of different communities who may have a hostile,distrustful relationship. 
D) is exemplified by your stopping to give a stranger a lift,and replying,when he thanks you,"Pass it on to the next stranger you meet who needs your help." 
E) does not occur in industrial societies.

Question 13

Define three types of reciprocity,and give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

1. Direct reciprocity: This occurs when

Question 14

Discuss the role that culture plays in defining the "wants and needs" of a people,using the Trobriand Islanders as an example.How does North American culture function to define the wants and needs of North Americans?

Accepted Answer

Culture plays a significant role in defi

Question 15

When a tool is complex and difficult to make,it is usually considered to be owned by:

Accepted Answer

A) the whole village in which it is used. 
B) a single individual. 
C) the state. 
D) all those who touch it. 
E) all relatives. 
A) the whole village in which it is used. 
B) a single individual. 
C) the state. 
D) all those who touch it. 
E) all relatives.

Question 16

How are land and water resources allocated differently in a foraging versus an agricultural society?

Accepted Answer

In a foraging society, also known as a h

Question 17

The Kula ring is a form of__________________that reinforces trade relations among a group of seafaring Melanesians inhabiting a ring of islands off the eastern coast of Papua New Guinea.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reciprocity 
B) balanced reciprocity 
C) market exchange 
D) silent trade 
E) generalized reciprocity 
A) negative reciprocity 
B) balanced reciprocity 
C) market exchange 
D) silent trade 
E) generalized reciprocity

Question 18

What do we call a system in which goods are produced,distributed,and consumed?

Accepted Answer

A) Economic 
B) Political 
C) Religious 
D) Kinship 
E) Industrial 
A) Economic 
B) Political 
C) Religious 
D) Kinship 
E) Industrial

Question 19

The Kula ring is a form of barter in which no actual trade takes place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Among the Inca there was such a thing as "chocolate money."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Economic Systems

How has technology affected the informal economy? Discuss the impact of Internet shopping sites such as eBay on the global marketplace.

Rosita Worl is a Native American anthropologist who now works to encourage traditional communities to enter the global market and put aside their less profit-oriented economic ventures.

Tools tend to be fewer and simpler among:

What is task specialization,and how has it changed over the course of generations in your own family? Compare your generation with that of your parents' and grandparents'.

Leveling mechanisms are:

What are the productive resources that all societies must organize according to culturally appropriate rules?

Why is understanding economic transactions essential to a full understanding of culture?

Among the Ju/'hoansi:

Among food foragers such as the Ju/'hoansi:

The U.S.system of paying income taxes every April is an example of:

What is money,and what different kinds of money have existed historically? Discuss at least one alternative example.

Balanced reciprocity:

Define three types of reciprocity,and give examples of each.

Discuss the role that culture plays in defining the "wants and needs" of a people,using the Trobriand Islanders as an example.How does North American culture function to define the wants and needs of North Americans?

When a tool is complex and difficult to make,it is usually considered to be owned by:

How are land and water resources allocated differently in a foraging versus an agricultural society?

The Kula ring is a form of__________________that reinforces trade relations among a group of seafaring Melanesians inhabiting a ring of islands off the eastern coast of Papua New Guinea.

What do we call a system in which goods are produced,distributed,and consumed?

The Kula ring is a form of barter in which no actual trade takes place.

Among the Inca there was such a thing as "chocolate money."

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

From First Primates to First Bipeds

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Characteristics of Culture

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Language and Communication

Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Patterns of Subsistence

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

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